摘要
高压变频调速技术是电力电子领域的一个制高点技术,涉及大功率交流电动机的各类负载调速和节能。高压变频器不像低压变频器一样具有成熟一致的拓扑结构。H桥级联型多电平逆变器由于具有模块化工程设计、利用低压元器件实现逆变器高压输出、便于逆变器故障冗余设计等特点而成为高压变频器主要的拓扑结构。H桥级联型逆变器由于需要实时控制众多功率开关器件,其调制方法一直是研究的热点与难点,本文重点研究与提出了适合于H桥级联型逆变器不同的调制方法,并寻找它们之间的相互关联性和规律,对不同调制方法进行了理论分析、仿真与实验验证,为提高H桥级联型逆变器在高压变频领域的控制性能提供了一些有效的方法,本文还对可以四象限运行的回馈级联型逆变器进行了研究。
H桥级联型多电平逆变器由于存在多个H桥与众多的功率开关器件需要同步控制,其所需要的调制脉冲相比低压逆变器成倍增加,为了简化级联型逆变器PWM脉冲的求取,“相移原理”是在求出H桥级联型逆变器第一层H桥PWM脉冲后得到其它各层H桥PWM脉冲最简单与直观的方法。
本文以H桥级联型逆变器最常用的调制方法—“相移SPWM"为基础,通过改变相移SPWM的“双极性载波”分别为“反向单极性载波”与“同相单极性载波”推出了适合于H桥级联型逆变器的“新型载波反向相移SPWM"与“新型载波同向相移SPWM",该调制方式在一个调制波周期中使功率开关器件有半个周期处于常开或常闭状态,可以有效减小开关损耗。以推出的新型载波相移SPWM为基础,改变其以三角载波与正弦调制波相比较的脉冲产生方式为电流滞环控制脉冲产生方式推出了适合于H桥级联型逆变器的“变环宽恒频电流滞环控制方法”,其可以实现逆变器实际输出电流对给定电流的快速跟踪。
本文以H桥级联型逆变器相移SPWM为基础,改变其脉冲产生方式为SVPWM,推出了适合于H桥级联型逆变器的“相移SVPWM"。SVPWM其在二电平逆变器高性能的矢量控制中得到了广泛运用。SVPWM实质也是由SPWM演变而来,SVPWM仅适用于只有八个开关状态的二电平逆变器,而不能直接运用于拥有大量开关状态的H桥级联型逆变器。本文从H桥级联型逆变器拓扑结构出发,推出了H桥级联型逆变器电压输出实质为其各H桥左桥臂形成的二电平逆变器组与各H桥右桥臂形成的二电平逆变器组输出电压之差,从而利用相移原理与SVPWM推出了适合于H桥级联型逆变器的“相移SVPWM"。本文还对H桥级联型逆变器基于相移SVPWM对电机实行“按转子磁场定向矢量控制”进行了研究。
相移原理侧重于H桥级联型逆变器调制脉冲的简易产生与逆变器每相各H桥输出PWM电压的相移叠加,但其很难通过对调制方法的改进来实现级联型逆变器输出性能的优化,为此本文对H桥级联型逆变器45。坐标系下简化空间矢量调制与性能优化进行了研究。H桥级联型逆变器简化空间矢量调制中,需要采样逆变器输出电压在每个采样周期中的电压矢量,此时可以对每个采样周期中单个电压矢量的调制方法进行改变来实现H桥级联型逆变器输出性能的改善。本文对H桥级联型逆变器45。坐标系下“优化开关频率的调制算法”和“抑制逆变器零序电压输出的调制算法”进行了研究,其分别可以有效减小逆变器开关损耗与减小逆变器输出电压在电机中形成的共模电压。本文还对具有回馈功能的H桥级联型逆变器进行了研究,为级联型逆变器在需要四象限运行的场合提供了一定理论基础。
对以上本文提出的各种调制方法在理论分析的同时,在文中辅以大量的仿真波形,说明了所提方法的正确性与有效性。
本文最后对H桥级联型逆变器在高压变频领域的应用进行了工程化设计。对H桥级联型逆变器主要控制部分电路进行了软硬件设计,其包括：基于FPGA的多路脉冲触发器设计和基于DSP的主控制部分硬件电路设计与软件设计等。对本文所提的各种调制方法在H桥级联型高压变频器工程装置上进行了实验验证,给出了各种实验波形,验证了本文所提各调制方法的正确性,其对促进H桥级联型逆变器在高压变频领域的应用具有很好的工业应用前景。
The technology to adjust speed with variable frequency and high voltage is a commanding heights technology in the field of power electronic,which involves speed regulation and energy-saving for high power ac motor with all kinds of load.High voltage inverter has not a mature and consistent topological structure as low voltage inverter.H bridge cascaded multilevel inverter(HBCMI) is becoming the main topological structure of high-voltage inverter because of the features of the modular design.the use of low voltage components to realize high voltage output.the facilitating of fault redundancy design for inverter.etc.The modulation method is the hot issue and difficulty in study for HBCMI due to the need of real-time control to many power switch devices. This paper researchs and puts forward different modulation method suitable for HBCMI, and looks for the relationship and discipline between them.It makes the theory analysis, simulation and experimental validation for different modulation method,and provides some effective methods to improve the control performance for HBCMI in the field of high voltage variable frequency.This paper also makes research on feedback cascaded inverter with four quadrant operation.
Because HBCMI has many H bridges and power switch devices which need synchronization control, it needs multiplied modulation pulse compared to low voltage inverter.In order to simplify the calculating of PWM pulse for HBCMI, the phase shift principle is the most simple and intuitive method which is in for the PWM pulses of other each layer H bridge after getting the first layer H bridge' PWM pulse.
The most commonly used modulation method-"phase shift SPWM" for HBCMI is taken as the foundation of this paper.The " new carrier reverse phase shift SPWM "and" new carrier same phase shift SPWM "are taken out by changing the double polarity carrier of phase shift SPWM to" reverse single polarity carrier "and" same phase polarity carrier " respectively.The modulation mode can effectively reduce switch loss because the power switching device remains on or off state for half a cycle in each cycle of modulation wave.With the launch of the new carrier phase shift SPWM,"variable ring width constant frequency current hysteresis control method" is taken out by changing its pulses producing way by the comparing of triangle carrier and sine wave to current hysteresis control which can realize the fast track of inverter actual output current to given current.
In this paper, based on the phase shift SPWM of HBCMI,"phase shift SVPWM" is launched by the changing of implementing pulse to SVPWM.SVPWM is widely applied in high performance vector control for two level inverter.SVPWM actually is evolved by SPWM.SVPWM is only applied to two level inverter with eight switch states and can not be directly applied to HBCMI with a large switch states.The output voltage of HBCMI is the difference value between two level inverter group'output voltage formed by left bridge arms of all H bridges and two level inverter group' output voltage formed by right bridge arms of all H bridges from the topology of HBCMI.So a suitable modulation of "phase shift SVPWM" is introduced for HBCMI by the use of phase shift principle and SVPWM.This paper also makes research on "rotor field-oriented vector control"to motor by the implementing of HBCMI's phase shift SVPWM.
Phase shift principle is focus on the simple and easy generation of modulation pulse for HBCMI which is hard to achieve inverter output performance optimization by improving modulation method.So this paper makes research on simplified space vector modulation and its performance optimization in450coordinate system for HBCMI.Because it needs to sample the inverter output voltage in every sampling period for HBCMI in simplified space vector modulation, the single voltage vector modulation method can be changed to improve the inverter's output performance in each sampling period."optimization switch frequency modulation algorithm " and "inhibit inverter zero sequence voltage output modulation algorithn" in450coordinate system for HBCMI are researched,which can effectively reduce the inverter switch loss and reduce the common mode voltage forming by inverter output voltage in the motor respectively. This paper also makes research on HBCMI with the feedback function and provides some theoretical basis in the occasion which need four quadrant operation for HBCMI.
The paper not only makes theoretical analysis to the above proposed all sorts of modulation methods,but also gives a large number of simulation waveform to prove the modulation methods correct and effective at the same time.
This paper finally makes engineering design for the application of HBCMI in the field of high voltage variable frequency.The paper gives out the main circuit's hardware and software design to HBCMI,which includes multi-channel pulse trigger design based on FPGA, the main control circuit's hardware design and part software design based on DSP, etc.The proposed all kinds of modulation method for HBCMI are validated in the engineering device of high voltage inverter and it gives out all the waveforms which verifys the correctness of the proposed modulation methods.The paper can promote the very good industrial application prospect for HBCMI in high voltage variable frequency areas.
引文
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