翡翠红外光谱谱学研究
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摘要
翡翠是玉石中最为珍贵和稀有的品种,被誉为“玉石之王”,并列于世界七大宝石之一。“黄金有价,玉无价”,翡翠玉无价在于质量的千变万化。至今为止,世界上没有一个翡翠的定价标准。翡翠的珍贵,使得天然翡翠冒充品层出不穷。翡翠真假鉴别和质量分级定量化问题一直困扰翡翠市场,导致翡翠市场混乱,阻碍翡翠市场发展。要保持和加快翡翠市场发展,必须尽快解决市场问题。
     针对市场问题,本论文利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对翡翠进行测试和谱线分析,包括翡翠真假鉴定和质量定量分级两大内容,对翡翠市场问题的解决进行探讨和研究。
     首先,用红外光谱仪对翡翠B、B+C货和各种赝品进行无损伤鉴别研究。试验测试方法为:原位透射法和漫反射法。原位透射法主要用于鉴别透过红外光谱的翡翠处理品。在4000-1500cm~(-1)波数段对比分析样品吸收峰,出现2962cm~(-1)、2919cm~(-1)、2850cm~(-1)强吸收峰,并在2000-1500cm~(-1)有吸收峰,证明样品注蜡。谱线在3100-2000cm~(-1)波数段出现2850cm~(-1)、2919cm~(-1)、2962cm~(-1)、3035cm~(-1)和3095cm~(-1)吸收峰,尤其在3000-3100cm~(-1)出现吸收峰,表明样品有环氧树脂填充。但是透射谱线上没有染料的吸收峰,无法鉴别翡翠中的染色处理品。原位漫反射法是鉴别新方法,处于研究阶段。其谱线主要在1500-400cm~(-1)波数段有吸收,显示样品主要成分的吸收。翡翠样品(无论天然或处理品)原位漫反射谱成分特征吸收峰为:436cm~(-1)、474cm~(-1)、534cm~(-1)、590cm~(-1)、667cm~(-1)、746cm~(-1)、856cm~(-1)、945cm~(-1)、1050cm~(-1)、1078cm~(-1)、1168cm~(-1),可用于鉴别翡翠与赝品。在处理品中,有部分样品在3100-2800cm~(-1)出现胶质吸收,但是大部分都没有吸收,做鉴别数据还需要样品批量测试确定。漫反射法对样品厚度和透明度没有要求,检测样品范围扩大。
     利用傅立叶变换红外漫反射光谱法对翡翠质量差异进行谱线分析研究,是一种新的尝试方法。翡翠质量影响因素有颜色、透明度、结构、净度、裂绺等,而翡翠成分和结构是导致以上几方面发生变化的主要原因。漫反射红外光谱负载测试样品成分和结构的信息,因此可以从质量不等的样品谱线对比中获得样品成分和结构发生变化的信息和规律。但是由于只有原位漫反射法是无损伤测试并能得到翡翠成分谱线信息的方法,而现在原位漫反射法由于对样品吸收量不足,造成许多微量变化的信息没有吸收,所以谱线在成分和结构微量差异上不明显。实验
    
    中分析得出翡翠结构的差异在谱线上有显示,样品结晶颗粒越粗大
    谱线616c‘’吸收越明显尖锐,531c矿‘吸收越弱而平缓。
Jadeite is the one of rare kind in jade, so it is praised as" king in the jade", stand side by side one of the seven top-grade precious stones of the world. "Gold has price and jade has not", because every jadeite has different quality, so they have on price, to this day, jadeite has no a price criterion to according. Because jadeite is rare, so its replacements become more and more, and it is difficult to distinguish. The problems of jadeite's identify and quality classification puzzle its market at all times, result in market's confusion and clag the development of market. At present, jadeite's market is increasingly prosperity, problem's harm especially distinctness, in order to keep jadeite's market on growing, it must be settled.
    Aiming at The two problems, the paper mainly used Fourier Transform Infrared Spretroscopy to test jadeite and analyse the spretroscopy, in order to search after the settle method of the market.
    Firstly, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spretroscopy test the worked sample of jadeite, they mainly are jadeite B and B+C grad. The purpose is to supplement the search of the former, and tentatively study the new identify method. The testing method are unvarnished transmission and unvarnished diffuse reflection method. Unvarnished transmission mainly used to identify jadeite B, B+C grad, if between 4000-1500cm-1 wave, have 2962cm-1, 2919cm-1, 2850cm-1 strong absorb apex, and between 2000-1500cm-1 wave have some absorb apex, it can prove the sample had been affused wax; if between 3100-2000cm-1 wave have 2850cm-1, 2919cm-1, 2962cm-1,3035cm-1 and 3095 cm-1 absorb apex, it can prove the sample had been affused glue. But unvarnished transmission has no dyestuff's absorb, so it can't identify the dyestuff in jadeite B+C and C grad. Unvarnished diffuse reflection is a new method, and just in the search phase, its Spretroscopy absorb mainly appear between 1500-400cm-1 wave, and is component's absorb of the sample
    , jadeite's absorb apex are 436cm-1, 474cm-1, 534cm-1, 590cm-1, 667cm-1, 746cm-1, 856cm-1, 945cm-1, 1050cm-1, 1078cm-1, 1168cm-1,and can use to identify jadeite and its
    fakement, but unvarnished diffuse reflection method can identify the worked sample
    
    
    of jadeite at larg.
    Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spretroscopy to analyse the different of jadeite's quality is a new idea, jadeite's qualities are infected by its color, transparence, structure, purify and cranny, and jadeite's component and structure are the main factors which conduce color, transparence, structure, purify and cranny change, so make jadeite's quality change, and according as Fourier Transform Infrared Spretroscopy can load jadeite's information such as component, structure and so on.. Unite two foundations hereinbefore, we think that Fourier Transform Infrared Spretroscopy can used to search jadeite's quality classification. Actually in the experiment, jadeite's Spretroscopy can't load more jadeite's component and structure information, it does not show dram change, so the method can't settle the problem of jadeite's quality classification.
引文
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