摘要
矿井巷道在掘进过程中经常遇到断层、陷落柱、煤岩体结构破碎带等地质异常体,这些异常体除直接影响施工效率外,还控制着矿井水、瓦斯等灾害的发育和发生,给矿井安全生产带来极大的威胁,因此必须能对掌子面前方地质异常体进行超前探测。由于超前探测属于隐伏目标体定位问题,巷道内可供利用的观测空间有限且受全空间效应影响,探测施工和数据解析难度较大,因而要达到快速、准确的超前预测预报需求存在一定的困难。论文在前人研究的基础上,基于地震反射波超前探测的方法原理,开展了大量的理论与实验研究,开发完成了适用于矿井地质条件探测的巷道震波超前探测系统(Mine Seismic Prediction,简称MSP)。
巷道震波超前探测地球物理条件是论文的研究基础,通过对巷道掘进地质条件的分析,进一步研究了巷道周边界面反射波时距规律。在构建巷道条件下地震反射波法数据采集系统及现场技术方法的同时,对比分析了点状、线性和空间任意观测系统,认为在巷道震波超前探测中应采用将线性与任意布置相结合的空间观测系统。通过对不同的反射界面模型进行数值和实验模拟,进一步验证了巷道前方界面反射波同周边其它界面具有视速度差异,同时反映出巷道空间任意反射观测系统相比于线性观测系统具有增加叠加次数、提高成像精度的优势。巷道反射数据处理算法是论文研究重点,主要包括:利用F-r和τ-p联合视速度滤波提取巷道前方界面反射波;采用极化滤波对巷道条件下获得的三分量记录进行纵横波分离;提出垂直界面模型条件下综合采用速度扫描与绕射偏移速度校正方法建立探测区域纵波和横波速度模型;进一步利用S变换时频分析方法获取地震记录中的瞬时属性参数。通过对理论模型和实际资料的处理,均获得了良好的效果。
以数据核心处理技术为基础,基于Visual C++.net平台开发完成了MSP2.0数据处理系统,该系统提供了丰富的巷道震波数据的预处理、核心处理及成像功能,人机交互方便。在顾桥煤矿-780南翼轨道大巷超前探测应用表明,MSP为预测预报巷道前方未知地质条件提供了丰富资料和判断依据,对巷道掘进生产起到了很好的指导作用。
Mine laneway always run into some geologic anomalous bodies such as fault and foundering post and structure fractured zone of coal and rock etc. These anomalous bodies not only directly influence tunneling efficiency, but also are master of some calamities such as mine water and gas explosion. As a result these bodies bring some galactic menace to mine safety in production. We must get some technologies that can detect these. Because prediction detection technology is a location problem about insidiousness object body. It has limited observation space and influenced by total space effect in laneway. So there are some difficulties in carrying out a fast and exact prediction technology. On the basis of some predecessor researches and lots of investigation about theory and experiment, author exploits a mine seismic prediction (MSP) technology that adequate for mine laneway tunneling.
After mastering some geophysics condition of mine laneway prediction, the paper firstly get reflected wave time-distance rule about reflecting boundary around laneway. Second the paper carries out data acquisition system and some fieldwork skill for MSP. By the contrast between three layouts (point, linearity and space), the paper thinks it is a best layout for MSP that combines linearity and space layout in one. Further through some simulation research of numerical and experimental model, the paper demonstrates some apparent velocity difference between the reflecting boundary ahead of laneway face and other boundaries, and pointes out the space layout has more advantages than linear one. The space layout can obtain more multiplicity and improves imaging quality. It is remarkable that the paper has realized and validated some algorithms that adapt to process reflected Seismic data of laneway.
Extracting reflected wave from total seismic record by F-K and ~(τ-p) filtering.
Separating P and S wave from three-component record through polarization filtering.
Reconstructing velocity model of P and S by velocity scanning and migration velocity adjustment method on the basis of assuming laneway as plumb surface model.
Obtaining instantaneous attribute With the S transform.
By Lots of model and field data test all these algorithms can get acceptable result.
Last author exploits a data processing system of MSP2.0. The soft offers abundant preprocessing and kernel processing and imaging function for seismic data gained in mine laneway. Then man-machine interaction is convenient. Through the application of MSP in -780 south laneway of Guqiao coal mine, it is obvious that the technology can supply more geologic information and gist for those unknown anomalous bodies. So MSP technology has ability to giving some better guidance for tunneling in mine laneway.
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