乌龙泉矿降低粉矿率研究与块度图像处理
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
高品质石灰石是武钢乌龙泉矿主要矿产品。长时期以来,严重困扰矿山生产和销售的突出问题是粉矿约占矿产品总量的27%,粉矿销售市场极为低迷。这不仅使大量的生产流动资金被长期占用,还存在诸如占地、环境污染和资源浪费等一系列问题。因此,降低粉矿的产出率是矿山亟待解决的问题之一。
     为了解决这一问题,提高乌龙泉矿的生产效益,改善爆破质量是有效的途径之一,为此必须合理地确孔网参数、装药结构和起爆方式等爆破参数和工艺。
     大孔距小抵抗线爆破技术是比较成熟的深孔爆破技术,它是适当增大孔间距减少排间距以使爆破能量得以合理分布,爆炸能量的做功范围将相应增大,周边区域内单位体积所获的动能必然降低,由于补充破碎能量的减少,粉矿率也将相应减少。在深孔爆破中,如果采用连续装药,炸药爆炸的有效能量利用率仅为总爆炸能的百分之几到百分之十几,其余的能量以噪声、地震波等方式呈负面作用散失,为提高炸药的有用能量利用率,人们探索使用了间隔爆破技术,这种爆破方法如果运用得当,可使炸药的有用能量利用率提高10%~30%,同时可使爆破破碎质量得到改善,是一种近于完美的实用型爆破技术。
     在降低乌龙泉矿粉矿率的研究课题中,论文首先从理论上计算出大孔距小抵抗线的孔网参数和间隔装药结构,并借鉴同类矿山的成功经验,采用反向起爆技术初步确定了乌龙泉矿的孔网参数和间隔装药结构,以此参数为参考进行工业试验,寻找适合乌龙泉矿的孔网参数和装药结构;然后在此基础上实施径向不耦合装药,成功地降低了粉矿率,同时节约炸药等爆破器材,预计在2003年中此技术将为乌龙泉矿带来较可观的经济效益。
     为了准确计算粉矿率,必须进行块度统计。统计爆破块度的方法比较多,但是各有优缺点,如筛分法其准确度较高但工作量较大不具有实用价值,而图像二值法等计算机图形处理方法虽然工作量较小但其准确度较差而且费用较高,误差范围较大。本文采用AutoCAD及其二次开发VBA软件并结合VB程序语言编写出了一个操作简单又实用的程序,具有误差范围较小费用较省的特点。
Wu Longquan pit mine is the production source of limestone and dolomite for WISCO. High quality limestone is its main production. For a long period, the serious problem to the pit mine is the high power rate with about 27% , which puzzled the production and sale seriously, and the sale market is very bad. A lot of flowage is tied up for a long time, and a series of problems such as occupying terra population resource using appear. So reducing the power rate is one of the urgent problems.
    In order to resolve the problem and improve benefit, the technological parameters such as hole pattern parameters and priming method must be reasonably determined.
    The technology of large hole spacing and small burden is experienced for borehole blasting, which is augmenting the space between the holes and reducing the space between the rows. The blasting energy is reasonably distributed, and the power rate is reduced accordingly. In borehole blasting, some little blasting energy is used efficiently; other is dissipated with the style of yawp seismic waves and so on as negative effect. Interval charge is applied, in order to improve the energy using radio, which can improves the energy using rate with about 10% to 30%, if it is used properly, and at the same time the blasting quality is improved.
    In this study, fitted hole pattern parameters are worked out using the more experienced large hole spacing and small burden. Under this and adopting interval charge decouple charge and reverse initiation, the power rate is more reduced. In 2003 this technology will bring more economy benefit.
    To exactly assess the power ratio, counting up fragment has to be done. There are many methods of counting up fragment. The approach of particle diameter measured by sieve, which has high acute but also need lots of work, has not practical value; the approach of 0-1 image processing needs little works but has higher error, and also need high expense. A program is compiled in which the software AutoCAD and its second exploitation VBA are used combined with the VB language. The method for stat blasting fragment has little error and low expense characters.
引文
[1]费鸿禄等.节理岩体爆破的研究现状[J].工程爆破,1996,2(1):60-67
    [2]郭文章等.节理岩体爆破研究进展[J].工程爆破,1999,5(4):72-77
    [3]郭明.爆破块度主要影响因素的灰色关联分析[J].矿业研究与开发。2000,20(6):41-43
    [4]郭文章等.节理岩体爆破的破裂规律分析[J].振动与冲击。1999,18(2):31-34
    [5]吴立等.岩体结构面影响爆破效果的理论分析与试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(1):40-43
    [6]孙强等.岩体主结构面控制爆破技术在露天矿梯段爆破中的应用[J].有色金属(矿山部分) 1997,(3):44-46
    [7]齐金铎.裂隙岩体的爆破理论[J].西部探矿工程,1997,9(1):49-50,59
    [8]田健胜等.岩石爆破中爆炸能量分布理论与控制方法研究进展[J].爆破器材,1998,27(6):20-24
    [9]郭文章等.节理岩体爆破块度预测的力学模型探讨[J].爆破,1997,14(3):31-34
    [10]张强等.炸药破碎能耗与块度分布关系式[J].爆破,1998,15(3):15-19
    [11]钮强等.介质波阻抗对矿岩爆破块度分布的影响[J].有色金属(矿山部分),16-18
    [12]徐国元等.爆炸能分配比值对粉矿产出率的影响[J].金属矿山,1998,(4):1-4
    [13]官永军.南芬露天铁矿炸药和岩石特性相关性的研究[J].金属矿山,1994,(12):36-37,57
    [14]李夕兵等.常规炸药与不同岩体匹配的可能途径[J].矿冶工程,1994,14(1):17-20
    [15]赖应得.论炸药和岩石的能量匹配[J].工程爆破,1995,1(2):22-26
    [16]王林等.间隔装药对爆破破碎效果的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,17(2):107-111
    [17]林德余等.底部空气垫层装药结构爆破作用及效果分析[J].有色金属,1989,41(4):1-6
    [18]鞠崇文等.孔底间隔爆破技术及其应用[J].爆破,1998,15(1):55-59
    [19]张国建等.露天矿倾斜深化孔底间隔装药爆破合理超深度试验研究[J].黄金,1996,17(5):23-27
    [20]张国建等.应用底部间隔装药爆破技术提高石灰石矿块矿率[J].中国矿业,1995,4(6):22-26
    [21]张大宁等.明城石灰石矿爆破粒度控制研究[J].中国矿业,1996,5(3):33-36
    [22]张国建.露天矿大孔距对角起爆参数优化研究[J].黄金,1998,14(8):14-16
    [23]粱昆仑等.大孔距爆破技术在本钢石灰石矿的应用[J].金属矿山,1996,(10):39-40
    
    
    [24]徐国元等.柱状药包结构对粉矿及大块率影响的研究.工程爆破,1997,3(4):23-2
    [25]钟维良.露天多排深孔爆破孔网参数的确定[J]爆破1998,(6)59-61
    [26]库咸照、姚昭章、刘述棋.炼焦化学基础[M] 鞍山:鞍山化学编辑部出版社,1987
    [27]刘颖.空气间隔装药在铜录山矿深孔爆破中的应用[J] 爆破1998.6:55-58
    [28]陶颂霖.爆破工程[M] 北京:冶金工业出版社,1979:271
    [29]李德林 王伟策 高振儒.中深孔微差爆破合理间隔时间的研究[J] 爆破 1999(9):74~77
    [30]负强 徐秋元 尚文凯等.台阶深孔爆破反向起爆技术[J]露天开采技术 2000年1:20-21
    [31]Zhao Zhongyan, et al. Fractal analysis applied to calculastic rock. Technolophysics, 1990,178:373~377
    [32]Gao J S, et al. Dynamic analysis of the mechanism of rock fragmentation by explosion. Proc. Int. Conf. Eng. Blasting Tech. Beijing, 1991:288~294
    [33]Mining Cai, Horii H. Mechanics of Materials, 1992,13 217~246
    [34]Singh D P, et al. Proc. 1st Int. Symp. On rock Frag. By blasting. Lulea, Sweden, 1983, 581~603
    [35]Vogt W,Abrock O.数值图像处理露天矿岩石爆破破碎评定的一种方法 第四届国际岩石爆破破碎学术会议论文集 奥地利 维也纳,1995:325~333
    [36]Hunter GC, McDermott Cental. A review of image analysis techniques for measuring blasting fragmentation. Mining Science and Technology, 1990(11):19~36
    [37]Noren CH, Porter DD. A comparision of theoretical explosive energy and energy measured under water with measured rock fragmentation. Proc. 3rd Cong. Int. Soc. Rock Mech..Denver, 1974:1371-1376
    [38]璩世杰等.平面照相法测定爆堆矿岩块度的原理及可靠性分析.爆破,1991(4):52~55
    [39]Just GD. The application of size distribution equations of rock breakage by explosives. National Symp. Rock Frag., Australia Geomech. Soc., 1973:18~23
    [40]曾世奇 露天爆堆块度分布谱[J] 金属矿山,1993(6):17~25
    [41]Practical technique for determining the size distribution of blasted benches, waste dumps and heep leach sites. Kemeny, John M. Author Affiliation: Univ of Arizona. Source: Mining Engineering, 1994(11): 1281~1284
    [42]璩世杰.矿岩块度图像分析法研究评述[J] 金属矿山,1995(11):10~13
    [43]谭英显等.露天矿爆堆粒度分布的测定研究[J] 矿山技术,1992(1):33~37
    [44]璩世杰 张厚科 许文耀.矿岩块度计算机图象分析技术的研究与应用[J] 金属矿山,1999(1):7~10
    [45]王钰.用VBA开发AutoCAD2000应用程序[M] 北京:人民邮电出版社,1999.10
    [46]孙越 Visual Basic数据库开发自学教程[M] 北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.10