摘要
无位置传感器无刷直流电机与以往的有位置传感器无刷直流电机相比较,具有结构简单、效率高、运行可靠以及维护方便等优点,已在国防、航空航天、机器人、汽车电子等领域中得到了较好的应用。但是,在其转速控制策略方面还存在一些不足,大大限制了其进一步的应用。因此,对无位置传感器无刷直流电机转速控制策略方面进行研究具有十分重要意义。本文针对无位置传感器无刷直流电机转速控制系统进行深入研究。
1.在对无位置传感器无刷直流电机的结构组成及其基本工作原理分析的基础上,根据无刷直流电机调速原理,建立了无位置传感器无刷直流电机双闭环调速控制系统的总体设计方案。对于电流环,设计了电流自适应调节器。对于速度环,设计了基于模糊PID控制器的转速调节器。实验结果表明,本文采用的控制策略可以有效的实现无刷直流电机平稳调速的。
2.针对无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测难的特点,提出了基于反电势3次谐波检测转子位置的方法,同时设计了反电势检测电路和低通滤波电路,通过低通滤波电路滤除高频谐波信号后,最后得到转子的准确位置。
3.针对无位置传感器无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方面,采用了BP神经网络参数自学习PID换相转矩波动抑制方法。实验结果表明,本文采用的脉动抑制方法能够对换相转矩波动脉动进行有效抑制。
4.利用数字信号处理器TMS320LF2812进行了无位置传感器无刷直流电机数字式转速控制系统的设计。主要完成了PWM控制、ADC顺序采样模式、信号捕获单元和I/O控制等环节的设计；此外还设计了电流检测电路、电机驱动电路、相电压检测电路、低通滤波电路以及电源电路等。
Compared with sensor brushless DC motors, sensorless DC motors have the merits of simple structure, high efficiency, reliable performance and easy maintenance. They have better application in the fields of national defense, aerospace, robots and automotive electronics. However, there are some deficiencies in the control strategies of rotation rate which greatly limit its further application. Hence, the study on rotation rate control strategies of sensorless brushless DC Motors has very great significance. This essay has a deep research on the rotation rate control system of sensorless brushless DC Motors.
1. On the basis of the speed regulation theory of sensorless brushless DC Motors and the analysis of its structure and basic working theories, the conceptual design on sensorless brushless DC Motors regulating system of double closed loop has been established. For electric current loop, the adaptive current adjuster is designed; for the speed loop, based on fuzzy PID controller, the rotating speed adjuster is designed. The results of experiments show that the controlling strategies adopted in this essay can effectively achieve the stable speed regulation of sensorless brushless DC Motors.
2. So far as the difficulties of sensorless brushless DC Motors in detecting rotor position, the essay has proposed the method of rotor position detection based on back EMF Third Harmonics, and designed back EMF detection circuits and low-pass filter circuit. After low-pass filter circuit filter out high frequency harmonic signals, the accurate rotor position can be obtained.
3. As to the torque ripple suppression of sensorless brushless DC motors, PID torque ripple suppression method on the basis of BP neutral network parameter self-study has been adopted. The experimental results show the pulse suppression method applied in this essay can effectively suppress the torque ripple.
4. Digital rotation rate control system of sensorless brushless DC motors has been designed through utilizing digital signal processor TMS320LF2812. The essay mainly accomplished the design of PWM control, DC sequential sampling model, signal acquisition unit and I/O control; furthermore designed current detection circuit, motor driving circuit, voltage detection circuit, low-pass filter circuit and power supply circuit, etc.
引文
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