摘要
需求获取是系统开发过程至关重要的一步,它是用户到软件工程人员之间的一道桥梁,软件工程人员通过需求获取得到用户的意图,形成软件编制的依据。需求获取的好坏直接关系到软件的成功与否,是软件生命周期中的关键步骤。
本文主要论述在UML中没有提供需求获取过程情况下,如何使用用例驱动方法来获取需求,并主要从以下几方面展开研究:第一,详细论述了需求工程、模型驱动开发(MDA)及用例(USE CASE)驱动技术,为研究奠定理论基础;第二,给出了需求获取的方法。该方法以用户填表的方式,交互式引导用户表达需求,依据需求描述信息获取参与者、用例等信息,并进一步获得用例模型;第三,给出了类图的导出方法。该方法使用CRC(Class Responsibility Collaborator)技术获取类,并改进了CRC结构,为类图导出打下良好的基础;第四,设计并实现了需求获取支持工具;第五,应用需求获取工具详细地给出了教学管理系统的需求获取过程,导出了用例图和类图。
The requirement elicitation is very important one step in the system performance history, it is a bridge users between software engineering personnel, the software engineering personnel obtains user's intention through the requirement elicitation, forms the basis for the software establishment. The requirement elicitation's quality direct relation software's success or not, is committed step in the software life cycle.
This article main elaboration has not provided requirement elicitation process situation in UML, how to use the use case driven method gains the requirement, and mainly launches the research from the following several aspects: First, elaborated the requirements engineering, MDA and use case driven technology in detail, lays the rationale for the research; second, given the Requirement elicitation method. This method which fills out a form by the user, the interactive guidance user expression requirement, basis requirement description information acquisition actor, use case and further obtains the use case model; Third, gave the method to derive collaboration diagram. This method used CRC (Class Responsibility Collaborator) to gain class, and improved the CRC structure, derives for collaboration diagram to build the good foundation; Fourth, designed and realized the requirement elicitation support tool; Fifth, the application requirement elicitation tool has given the teaching management system's requirement elicitation process, derived use case diagram and collaboration diagram.
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