摘要
布里渊散射光相对于入射光具有一定的频移,且频移量与外界环境的温度和应力呈线性关系。利用这些特性可以实现高速信号(微波信号)的产生、交换(可控延迟)以及获取(光纤传感)等,这些方面都是实现全光信息技术的核心。因此,系统地研究光纤中布里渊散射的机理及其应用,不仅具有学术价值,而且具有十分重要的社会意义。
本文分析了光纤布里渊散射的特性,并对其在分布式光纤传感技术、微波信号光学产生技术以及可控光延迟方面的应用进行了理论和实验研究。
根据布里渊光时域反射技术(BOTDR)对本振光的要求,设计了单频布里渊激光器,理论分析了该激光器的相位噪声；获得的最小布里渊激光线宽为2.8MHz,最大输出功率达到了14dBm；利用该布里渊激光器做相干检测BOTDR系统的本振光源,在53km的传感距离上温度测量误差约为0.5℃。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低BOTDR系统中所需探测器的带宽,且该系统具有较高的测量精度和实用价值。
分析了基于布里渊散射的微波信号产生机理,提出了级联环形腔结构的可调谐微波信号产生的方法,通过调节布里渊激光器中可调衰减器的损耗、光纤的温度以及泵浦波长,获得了390-453MHz和10.863-11.075GHz两个频段的可调谐微波信号。两个频段微波信号的频率波动为0.2MHz,展现了较高的频率稳定性。如果使用调谐范围较高的温度控制器、布里渊频移间隔较大的增益光纤以及调谐范围较宽的泵浦波长,微波信号的可调谐频率范围可以进一步的增加。
理论分析了多布里渊增益线慢光的纵模间隔对信号延迟与增益的影响,发现当纵模间隔与布里渊增益谱带宽的比值小于0.3时,信号的展宽可以忽略。提出了利用半导体光放大器获得多纵模宽带泵浦源的方法,当利用可调谐滤波器获得可调谐激光泵浦时,获得的可调谐泵浦源纵模间隔为6MHz,3dB带宽为11.5GHz,调谐范围为1515-1560nm,带宽波动约为100MHz；利用8Gbit/s的高速信号,在17dBm泵浦情况下获得了83ps无误码(BER<10-9)的延迟。在多通道布里渊散射慢光方面,利用两个光纤光栅滤波器获得了双波长宽带泵浦源,其纵模间隔为7MHz,3dB带宽分别为11.6GHz和11.2GHz,在19dBm泵浦时,分别获得了56.4ps和56.0ps无误码的延迟。
Relative to the incident light, the Brillouin scattering light has a certain Brillouin frequency shift, and the frequency shift has a linear relationship with the temperature and strain. These properties can be used in high speed signal (microwave signal) generation, exchange (controllable delay), access (fiber optical sesnsing) and so on, and these aspects are the important parts in all optical information technology. Therefore, the systematic study of Brillouin scattering mechanism and its application not only have academic value, but also have important social significance.
In this paper we analyze the characteristics of Brillouin scattering, and research the application of Brillouin scattering in theoretical and experimental in distributed optical fiber sensing, photonic generation of tunable microwave signal and controllable optical delay.
The optimized Brillouin laser with single frequency has been designed as the local oscillator light for coherent detection Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR). The phase noise has been analyzed in theoretical, and the phase fluctuations of Brillouin laser are strongly correlated to that of the pump laser but they are also much weaker. The single frequency Brillouin laser with2.8MHz3dB bandwidth is obtained, and the maximum output power is about14dBm. The BOTDR using Brillouin laser as local light is demonstrated, and the experiment of53km sensing fiber is also performed, the measurement error is less than0.5℃. The experimental results show that the method can effectively reduce the required bandwidth of the detector in BOTDR, and improve the measurement accuracy.
A simple approach to generate two bands of tunable microwave signal is proposed and demonstrated by using the Briouin laser. The principle generation of tunable microwave signal is analyzed in theoretical. Two single mode fibers with optimized Brillouin frequency shift spacing have been chosen as scattering medium in two cascaded ring cavities. The two bands of tunable microwave signal from390-453MHz and10.863-11.076GHz can be obtained through adjusting the temperature of the fiber and pump wavelength. The frequency fluctuation is less than0.2MHz, which illustrates good stability on frequency. The frequency range of microwave signal can be further expanded by using higher temperature controller, the gain fibers with higher frequency shift interval and wider tuning range of pump wavelength.
On analysis of Brillouin controllable optical delay, the Brillouin gain and delay with multi-longitudinal mode pump is analyzed in theoretical. Through the analysis of Brillouin gain, delay and signal broadening affected by the mode spacing, the optimized mode spacing is obtained, and the ratio between the mode spacing and intrinsic Brillouin spectral width must be less than0.3in order to ignore the fluctuation of Brillouin gain and delay. In experiment the multi-longitudinal mode pump with optimized mode spacing is obtained by using semiconductor optical amplifier. A tunable broadband Brillouin pump with tuning range from1515to1560nm is genetared by using an F-P filter in the ring laser, the spectrum of the pump is comprised of a large number of longitudinal modes separated by6MHz,3dB-bandwidth is about11.5GHz and its fluctuation is less than100MHz within the tuning range. An8Gbit/s data signal is delayed by up to83.Ops (bit error rate<10"9) at17dBm pump power. And independent delay control of multi-channel signals is also demonstrated by the laser, which is generated by using two FBG in the SOA ring laser. The spectrum of each pump is separated by7MHz and spanning a bandwidth of11.6GHz and11.2GHz, respectively. The multi-channel broadband Brillouin slow light is demonstrated by using8Gbit/s data signals. The signals in both channels are continuously delayed and the maximal delay time with error free operation are up to56.4ps and56.Ops at19dBm pump power.
引文
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