摘要
目前森林火灾扑救的基本设备处于一个薄弱的环节,迫切需要一种成本较低、性能高、机动越野性能好、可以自行爬越一定的坡度、对于难以接近的森林火灾可以实现远距离灭火的综合设备。远程气动灭火炮是完成这一任务的有效工具。本文完成了灭火炮击发机构的优化设计,ADAMS仿真和有限元分析。
介绍了击发机构的国内外发展概况,按照系统理论的观点,采用系统分析与系统设计的方法,具体给出了击发机构进行适配性分析与适配设计的要素和方法。
对击发机构提出了可行性方案,利用UG设计软件对样机进行了结构设计。利用科学计算软件MATLAB的优化工具箱,以卡爪尾端受力最小、卡爪的运动距离最小和凸轮的体积最小为目标函数进行了多目标优化设计,使得在减小卡爪受力和凸轮体积的同时还能减小卡爪的运动距离,从而在灭火弹的发射过程中较好地处理了卡爪与灭火弹之间的干涉问题。
采用ADAMS软件对击发机构的卡爪和凸轮进行了参数化建模,并进行了动力学仿真分析,由仿真结果得到了扭簧阻尼器的系数,卡爪和凸轮之间碰撞力的关系,并验证了凸轮的压力角。
采用有限元分析软件PATRAN对击发机构重要零部件进行了力学分析,得出各主要部件的应力云图和变形云图,为击发机构各零部件设计提供依据。
At present,the basic equipment to extinguish forest fires lies in a weak link. An equipment is needed urgently,which have lower cost,high-performance,better cross-country mobility,can climb a certain degree of slope by oneself,and can achieve a comprehensive long-range fire-fighting for inaccessible forest fires.The long-distance aerodynamic extinguishing cannon is an effective tool to fulfill the task.Optimization design,Adams simulation and finite element analysis are performed in this paper.
The international and domestic development of the firing mechanism is introduced.In accordance with the viewpoint of the system theory,through the system analysis and system design method,the factors and methods of suitability analysis and design about the firing mechanism are presented.
The feasible project of the firing mechanism is put forward.The structure design is performed with UG.The multi-objective optimization design is presented with the help of MATLAB optimization toolbox.The objective function of multi-objective optimization design leasts force of the claw's end,movement distance of the claw and volume of the cam.The aim is to reduce the force of claw, the volume of cam and the movement distance of claw,thus multi-objective optimization design can deal with the interference problem between the claw and fire bomb in the fire-fighting process well.
Through ADAMS software,the claw and cam of the firing mechanism parametric modeling and dynamic simulation analysis are carried out.The simulation results give the spring damper coefficient,relationship of the impact force between the claw and cam,and verify the pressure angle of cam.
Through the finite element analysis software PATRAN,the important parts of the firing mechanism is conducted the mechanical analysis.The stress distributing graph,aberration nephogram are obtained,which can provide the basis for the design of the firing mechanism components.
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