摘要
小麦白粉病(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici)属禾谷类作物的世界性重要病害,也是长期影响我国小麦生产安全的严重生物灾害之一。利用抗病品种是控制该病害最为经济有效的方法,而及时准确的监测白粉菌生理小种和毒性的消长动态则是控制小麦白粉病流行的基础。逐步摸清我省小麦白粉病菌群体毒性结构及其分布状况,对于抗病育种和生产品种的合理布局具有重要指导意义。
从四川省的泸州、雅安、宜宾等15个地市采集了313份小麦白粉菌,纯化保存得到168个菌株,对纯化得到的菌株进行生理小种鉴定及群体毒性频率分析,鉴定出28个生理小种,其中优势小种是317号生理小种,出现频率为11.31%。低毒力、中毒力和高毒力三类小种群的出现频率分别为4.76%,4.17%和91.07%。V13和V2+6的毒力频率在20%以下,其余毒力频率大多在20%-60%,表明含Pm13和Pm2+6等抗病基因的品种还有一定的利用价值。
利用RAPD标记对20个菌株进行了DNA多态性分析,结果表明：选用9个引物扩增得到的120个RAPD位点中,集中在100.1500bp之间,其中有67个有多态性,多态性位点频率占55.83%,表明四川省小麦白粉菌群体中遗传多态性丰富。从聚类结果来看,各局部地区基本上聚在一起。从遗传距离的角度看,20个小麦白粉菌菌株的遗传距离变化幅度较大,分布在0.0613-0.6325之间。相同的生理小种聚类分析的结果并不是最相近的,毒性多态性与DNA多态性之间不存在一一对应关系。SPSS统计软件和NTSYS-PC 2.1软件统计聚类的结果基本一致,可见在对小麦白粉菌RAPD结果分析时,两种方法都是可行的。
Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) was an important worldwide disease of cereal crops, it was also a serious biological disasters which have a long-term impact on the safety of Chinese wheat production. Using the resistant varieties was the most economical and effective measure to control the disease, and monitoring the powdery mildew dynamics of races timely and accurately was the foundation in controlling wheat powdery mildew epidemiology. Get known the structure of pathogen populations and their distribution in the over-wintering and over-summering areas of powdery mildew step by step, it would have a great significance in breeding for disease resistance and guiding the rational varieties distribution.
313 samples of B. graminis f.sp.tritici were collected from Sichuan Province,168 strains were obtained by purification and storage. Physiologic race and population virulence of B.graminis f.sp.tritici were tested on detached wheat leaves.28 physiologic races were obtained, Race 317 was dominant race with frequency of 11.31%.The frequency of weakly virulent race, moderately virulent race and strongly virulent race is 4.76%,4.17% and 91.07%, respectively. Isolates V13 and V2+6 showed the virulence frequency below 20%,while other isolates among 20%-60%. The above results indicated Pm13 and Pm2+6(resistance genes) provided applicable value in breeding.
20 isolates were tested in RAPD analysis.120 loci were obtained through ampliation with 9 primers, polymorphic frequence with 67 polymorphic loci was 55.83%.Loci focused on 100-1500bp. RAPD analysis showed similarity but also difference among the isolates,which showed the genetic diversity in the population of B. graminis f.sp.tritici.Clustering analysis showed that the same filed collected together.20 isolated were tested with the genetic distance from 0.0613-0.6325.Clustering analysis showed that the same physiologic race collected un-together. Compared with traditional morphological and molecular marker classification, there was a little dissimilar. The SPSS statistics software and the NTSYS-PC 2.1 software statistics consistent with the results of statistical clustering, therefore in analysis of B. graminis f.sp.tritici RAPD results, two kinds of methods are all viable.
引文
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