摘要
目的：调查花卉种植者血液中对氧磷酶及谷胱甘肽S转移酶基因多态性的分布情况，并分析评价基因多态性与花卉种植者健康的关系。
方法：136名种植玫瑰的花农作为暴露组(男74人，女62人)；41名不使用农药的当地居民作为对照组(男16人，女25人)，进行问卷调查和体格检查，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性多态性法(PCR-RFLP)确定分析对象血液中对氧磷酶启动区-107，编码区192和55位点基因型；谷胱苷肽S转移酶M1、T1的基因型，分析各基因型与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力、免疫功能、内分泌水平、临床生化指标、农药接触的症状之间关系。
结果：
1、对氧磷酶基因型与农药健康效应
在全部177名研究对象中，对氧磷酶(PON1)在107位点、192位点和55位点均为多态性分布。基因型分布及等位基因频率性别之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。
(1)PON1 107位点
高暴露组中，TC基因型花农的球蛋白低于TT基因型花农(P＜0.05)；对于不同暴露组的基因型TC花农：高、低暴露组免疫球蛋白G低于对照组(P＜0.01，P＜0.05)，球蛋白高、低暴露组低于对照组(P＜0.05，P＜0.05)，白球比高、低暴露组高于对照组(P＜0.01，P＜0.05)；睾酮高暴露组低于低暴露组(P＜0.05)。
(2)PON1 192位点
RR基因型的花农谷丙转胺酶高于QQ基因型的花农(P＜0.05)，RR、QR基因型的花农天冬氨酸转胺酶高于QQ基因型花农(P＜0.01，P＜0.05)，RR基因型的花农四碘甲状腺原氨酸高于QR基因型的花农(P＜0.05)；高暴露组中，RR基因型花农四碘甲状腺原氨酸高于QR基因型花农(P＜0.05)；对于不同暴露的QR基因型花农，睾酮高暴露组高于对照组(P＜0.05)。
(3)PON1 55位点
控制年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素之后，各指标无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。
2、谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1、T1基因型与农药接触健康效应
(1)谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1
控制年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素之后，各指标无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。
(2)谷胱甘肽S转移酶T1
在控制了年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、暴露系数后：总蛋白、球蛋白、白球比GSTT1+个体低于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.01)、白球比GSTT1+花农高于于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.01)，IgG GSTT1+花农低于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.05)，睾酮GSTT1+花农高于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.01)；高暴露组中，谷草转胺酶、总蛋白、球蛋白GSTT1+花农低于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.05)、白球比GSTT1+花农高于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.05)、IgA GSTT1+花农高于GSTT1-花农(P＜0.05)。
(3)GSTM1与GSTT1联合分析
血小板GSTM1+／GSTT1+型花农高于GSTM1-／GSTT1-型花农(P＜0.05)。
3、基因多态和农药接触健康效应的分析
(1)症状报告与五个基因型logistic回归分析
年龄越小，相应的不适症状报告越多；GSTM1+者，其症状报告的危险度为GSTM1—者的2.663倍。
(2)有无心电图异常与五个基因型logistic回归分析
女性心电异常的危险度为男性的0.496倍。
4、基因型和细胞凋亡与坏死的关系
按基因型分组比较细胞凋亡和坏死情况有无差异，经分析，各基因型之间细胞凋亡和坏死率无差异(P＞0.05)。
结论：在全部177名研究对象中，对氧磷酶在107位点、192位点、55位点和GSTM1／T1均为多态性分布。基因型分布及等位基因频率性别之间差异无显著性。
(1)PON1 107不同基因型，对农药暴露的反应不一样，PON1 107位点可能是农药免疫毒性的易感生物标志物之一。
(2)PON1 192不同基因型，对农药暴露的反应不一样，PON1 192位点可能是农药内分泌毒性的易感生物标志物之一。
(3)PON1 55位点不同基因型各指标未见明显的差异。
(4)谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1+基因型的个体，其症状报告多于GSTM1-基因型的个体，GSTM1基因可能是农药暴露的易感生物标志物之一。
(5)谷胱甘肽S转移酶T1不同基因型，对农药接触的反应不一样，GSTT1可能是农药免疫、内分泌毒性的易感生物标志物之一。
Objective : To investigate Paraoxonase and Glutathione S-ransferase GenePolymorphism in floriculture, and assess the relationship between gene polymorphismand health condition in floriculturists.
Methods: 136 pesticide-exposed farmers and 41 local non-pesticide-direct exposedlocals as control. PON1 and GSTM1/T1 genotype were determined by mean ofPolymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment lengty Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Assess if there were associations between genotype and AChE activity、Immunefunction、Endocrinosity、Clinical health index、symptoms.
Result:
1、PON1 and health
In all 177 cases, PON1 regulatory-region-107 and coding region 192 and 55 were polymorphisms.There have no accociation between genotype/alleles frequence and sex.
(1) PON1-107
CT genotype is associated with globin in high exposure group (P<0．05) . Compare same genotype CT in different groups, IgG were significant lower in high and low exposure group than in control group(P＜0．01, P＜0．05) ; Globin were significant lower in high and low exposure group than in control group(P＜0．05, P＜0．05) ; A/G were significant higher in high and low exposure group than in control group(P＜0．01, P＜0．05) ; T was significant lower in high exposure group than in low exposure group(P<0．05) .
(2) PON1 192
According to different genotypes: ALT in Arg/Arg genotype was higher in Gln/Gln genotype(P<0．05) ; AST in Arg/Arg and Gln/Arg genotype were higher in Gln/Gln genotype(P<0．01,P＜0．05) ; T_4 in Arg/Arg genotype was higher in Gln/Arg genotype(P<0．05) ; T_4 Arg/Arg genotype was higher Gln/Arg in high exposure group(P<0．05) ; T Gln/Arg genotype in high exposure group was higher than in control group(P<0．05) .
(3) PON1 55
There were no associations between genotype and health index.
2、GSTM1/T1 and health
(1) GSTM1
There were no associations observed between genotype and health index.
(2) GSTT1
T GSTT1+ genotype was higher than GSTT1-(P<0．01) ; TP GSTT1+ genotype was lower than GSTT1-(P＜0．01) ; GB GSTT1+ genotype was lower than GSTT1-(P<0．01) ; A/G GSTT1+ genotype was higher than GSTT1-(P<0．01) ; IgG GSTT1+ genotype was lower than GSTT1-(P＜0．05) ; AST、TP、GB GSTT1+ genotype was lower than GSTT1-in high exposure group(P<0．05) ; A/G GSTT1+ genotype was higher than GSTT1-in high exposure group(P<0．05) ; IgA GSTT1+ genotype was higher than GSTT1-in high exposure group(P<0．05) .
(3) GSTM1 and GSTT1
Platet GSTM1+/GSTT1+ genotype was higher than GSTM1-/GSTT1-(P＜0．05) .
3 Gene polymorphism and logistic regression
The younger the age, The more the symptoms; The persons with GSTM1+, the symptoms were 2．663 times than the persons with GSTM1-.
Conclusion:
(1) PON1 107 was a possible susceptibility biomarker the harm of pesticide to immune system;
(2) PON1 192 was a possible susceptibility biomarker the harm of pesticide to endocrinosity;
(3) There were no association between PON1 55 genotype and health index;
(4) The symptoms in GSTM1+ genotype were higher in GSTM1-genotype;
(5) GSTT1 was a possible susceptibility biomarker the harm of pesticide to immune and endocrinosity system.
引文
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