助阳通便汤治疗慢传输型便秘的实验研究
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摘要
随着社会不断发展,生存压力进一步增加,竞争日益激烈以及饮食物结构等的不断改变,导致便秘患病率逐渐增加。根据美国的有关流行病学调查研究资料显示,在美国,便秘的发病率为2%,而且几项美国全国性调查显示,年龄越大患便秘病的比率越高。查阅中国的有关便秘的相关流行病学调查报告显示,我国的便秘发病率为6.07%,在我国便秘的发病率受地区性影响,显示出地区差异性,但该病的发病率都高于2%。在老年人群甚至可达到15%~20%。便秘症状顽固,使患者痛苦不已,严重影响广大人民群众的生活质量,还可产生多种并发症。而且还是早老性痴呆、肝性脑病等病的诱发因素。甚至急性心梗或脑血管意外可以因便秘而诱发,患者生命直接受到威胁。关于便秘的治疗药物种类繁多,但经临床应用大部分药物初期使用疗效较好,但随着使用时间的延长,效果越来越不尽人意,药物副作用发生机率也随之大大增加。还出现服药即腹泻,停药即便秘的药物依赖性。因此如何使长期便秘患者的疾苦得以减轻,由便秘导致的不良后果的发生得以减少,有效治疗便秘,这一重要任务摆在广大医务工作者面前。便秘可分为继发性便秘和原发性便秘。慢传输型便秘是原发性功能性便秘中主要的一种,发病率约占整个便秘患者的45.5%。对于便秘的治疗祖国医学经验丰富,在防治慢传输型便秘方面更显示出显著优势,以及副作用小、疗效确切等。祖国医学将便秘分为实证和虚证,临床发现慢传输型便秘在中医辨证以虚秘为多见,虚秘的易发病人群以三类人群为主,第一类好发人群是年老者、第二类好发人群是妇女、第三类好发人群是长时间因便秘大量使用泻剂性质的通便药者。虚性便秘绝大多有较长的发病病史,症状发作反反复复,难以治愈。导师田振国教授经从医数十载,查阅古今文献,针对便秘的诊治有深入的研究,经过大量的临床验证,采用补脾强肾、宽中润肠的治疗方法,组方助阳通便汤治疗本病,取得了令人满意的临床治疗效果。
     本课题是为了深入研究采用助阳通便汤治疗便秘的作用机理,主要从以下方面进行研究:观察助阳通便汤对便秘模型小鼠的通便作用,并同时从分子水平入手,应用免疫组化的方法研究本复方对便秘模型小鼠结肠肌间神经丛血管活性肠肽(VIP)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体含量的影响,进而揭示助阳通便汤治疗便秘的可能作用机制,为中医治疗慢传输型便秘提供实验依据,为临床提供参考,为新药申报做好前期准备。
     实验一:慢传输型便秘小鼠模型的制备
     目的:复制小鼠慢传输型便秘的模型
     材料与方法:将105只小鼠按性别、体重分层随机分成正常组、模型组、助阳通便汤低剂量组、助阳通便汤中剂量组、助阳通便汤高剂量组、麻仁软胶囊组、西沙比利组,共7组,每组15只,雌雄各半。除正常组外,其余各组均建立模型。参照文献报道,正常组注射等量生理盐水,将其余各组小鼠按照2.5mg/kg的剂量每日一次皮下注射盐酸吗啡,连续注射45天,即可造成慢传输型便秘小鼠模型。
     结果:与正常组小鼠相比较,造模各组小鼠从外观观察可见出现瘦小、干瘪,倦怠少动,小便发黄,大便表面水分减少,明显干硬,粪便颗粒细小,呈球状,且排便粒数及粪便重量明显下降等表现,称量体重便秘模型小鼠有所减轻,以上与慢传输型便秘的临床表现相符合,故认为造模成功。
     结论:对小鼠按照2.5mg/kg的剂量日一次皮下注射盐酸吗啡,连续注射45天的方法进行造模,可以成功复制出慢传输型便秘小鼠模型,操作简便,安全性好。模型可供进一步动物实验使用。
     实验二:助阳通便汤对便秘模型小鼠排便时间及重量的影响
     目的:通过观察助阳通便汤对小鼠排便时间及重量的影响,判断助阳通便汤的通便作用及治疗慢传输型便秘的疗效。
     材料与方法:造模成功后各组小鼠日一次灌胃给与不同药液。
     正常组和模型组每日按0.2ml/10g体重灌蒸馏水;
     助阳通便汤:肉苁蓉30g牛膝20g肉桂15g仙灵脾30g白术20g山药20g郁李仁20g厚朴20g枳壳30g桑葚子20g (饮片由辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院药局提供)原方生药量225g。自来水浸泡以上药物40min,先武火煎煮,沸腾后改为文火,分两次提取滤液混匀,加热浓缩为1.5g/ml溶液,置于-20℃冰箱备用,用时预热至室温。
     助阳通便汤低剂量组:上述溶液稀释一倍,生药量14.63g/kg,按0.2ml/10g体重日一次灌胃给药。
     助阳通便汤中剂量组:上述溶液原液,生药量29.25g/kg,按0.2ml/10g体重日一次灌胃给药。
     助阳通便汤高剂量组:上述溶液浓缩一倍,生药量58.50g/kg,按0.2ml/10g体重日一次灌胃给药。
     麻仁软胶囊组:用蒸馏水将麻仁软胶囊配制成3.0g/ml的混悬液,按0.2ml/10g体重日一次灌胃给药。
     西沙必利组:用蒸馏水将西沙必利片配制成0.25mg/ml的混悬液,按0.2ml/10g体重日一次灌胃给药。
     墨汁的配制:在容积为1000m1的烧杯中加入800m1蒸馏水,用电子天平称取100g阿拉伯树胶粉放入其中,用玻璃棒边煮边搅匀,直至煮沸溶液呈透明糊状,用电子天平称取50g活性碳粉,加入到上述煮沸的糊状溶液中用玻璃棒边煮边搅匀,煮沸3次,呈黑色糊状,待糊状溶液冷却后,最后定容加入蒸馏水至1000m1,保存在冰箱中4℃环境下备用。
     各组均连续8天灌胃给药。所有小鼠在给药期间均自由饮水与摄食,隔日称量一次体重,并将给药剂量根据体重变化调整。在第九天给药前各组小鼠均禁食12h而不禁水。第九天灌胃给药30min后,每组小鼠按0.2ml/10g给予配好的墨汁灌胃,操作结束同时开始计时。恢复正常进食进水,并将滤纸铺于饲养笼中进行观察,记录各组实验小鼠第一次排出黑色粪便的时间和每只实验小鼠在24h内排出的粪便总重量。
     结果:各组小鼠的症状表现及死亡情况:正常组小鼠造模后,体重、活动、饮食、二便均正常。造模各组小鼠从外观观察可见出现瘦小、干瘪,倦怠少动,小便发黄,大便表面水分减少,明显干硬,粪便颗粒细小,呈球状,且排便粒数及粪便重量明显下降等表现。自治疗用药起,随着时间延长,治疗各组小鼠便秘情况均有不同程度的改善,倦怠少动症状也随之有所改善。在整个实验过程中,由于灌胃操作不当所致西沙比利组出现1只小鼠灌胃给药过程中死亡。
     与正常组比较,模型组小鼠首次排黑便时间明显延长(P<0.05),24h内各组小鼠排出粪便重量明显减少(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,正常组及各治疗组小鼠首次排黑便时间均缩短,24h内各组小鼠排出粪便重量均增加。其中正常组、助阳通便汤高剂量组、西沙比利组小鼠首次排黑便时间明显缩短,24h内小鼠排出粪便重量明显增加,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与麻仁组比较,助阳通便汤高剂量组、助阳通便汤中剂量组、西沙比利组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与西沙比利组比较,助阳通便汤高剂量组、助阳通便汤中剂量组没有差异(P>0.05)。
     结论:
     1盐酸吗啡皮下注射的造模方法复制出小鼠便秘模型有较好的稳定性。
     2助阳通便汤能缩短便秘小鼠首次排黑便时间,增加便秘小鼠的24小时排便重量,并呈现出量效关系。
     实验三:助阳通便汤对便秘模型小鼠小肠墨汁推进率的影响
     目的:通过观察助阳通便汤对小鼠小肠墨汁推进率的影响,判断助阳通便汤治疗便秘的疗效。
     材料与方法:各组小鼠在第十天给药前禁食不禁水12h,灌胃给药30min后,各组小鼠均按照0.2ml/10g的剂量给予配好的墨汁。30min后处死小鼠(采用脱颈椎的方法),计算墨汁在肠管中的推进率。具体方法:打开腹腔后分离小肠与大肠。测量肠管长度为“小肠总长度”,从幽门至墨汁前沿为“墨汁推进长度”,小肠墨汁推进率是所测量前者的长度除以所测量后者的长度乘以百分之百。
     结果:七组小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率相比较,正常组小鼠为75.07%,模型组下降至66.53%,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗后各组的墨汁推进率均有不同程度增加,高剂量组达到92.52%,不仅明显高于模型组,且高于正常组(P<0.05)。
     结论:1盐酸吗啡皮下注射复制出小鼠便秘的模型稳定性好。
     2助阳通便汤可以显著提高便秘小鼠的小肠推进率,增强胃肠动力,进而达
     到治疗便秘的作用,并呈现出量效关系。
     实验四:助阳通便汤对便秘模型小鼠肠组织中5-HT受体、VIP的分布和表达的影响
     目的:探讨助阳通便汤对慢传输型便秘模型小鼠结肠组织病理改变及5-HT受体、VIP分布和表达的影响。
     材料与方法:最后一次给药后迅速打开实验小鼠腹腔,将大肠分离,切取约15mm近端小鼠结肠段组织,保存在事先装好固定液的小瓶中备用。采用HE染色和免疫组化染色的方法进行染色处理,先在光镜下观察结肠组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体和血管活性肠肽(VIP)的分布和含量的变化。免疫组化结果判定方法:细胞浆出现黄色或棕黄色物质为5-HT受体和VIP阳性。
     结果:所有切片中均可见多少不等的5-HT受体和VIP阳性表达的细胞,阳性细胞多呈圆形或椭圆形,胞浆可见染成黄色或棕黄色的颗粒。与正常组相比较,模型组VIP和5-HT受体阳性表达的细胞分布稀疏,数量减少。各治疗组小鼠结肠组织中5-HT受体和VIP阳性表达细胞分布相对较密集。
     结论:助阳通便汤治疗慢传输型便秘模的作用机制之一可能是通过调节结肠组织中神经递质(5-HT受体和VIP)的含量来实现的。
With social development and to survive the competitive pressure increase,and a change of diet, constipation the incidence of disease is a graduallyincreasing. According to epidemiological information,drawn from severalnational survey data in the United States American incidence of constipation2per cent, and constipation morbidity rate increase over age the increased.Of national epidemiological information displayed at the district rates vary,but are more than2%in China. A survey show that our system for6.07%incidencein the crowd up to15%~20%. System symptoms, not only to people with manytroubles can be concurrent colorectal cancer, in severe cases, the dung of anulcer and urinary retention with other complications. But also Liver braindisease, Early old dementia and other disease incentives. Constipation caneven directly endanger due to induce acute Myocardial infarction orcerebrovascular accident patients lives. Treat constipation drugs more, butmost difficult to take persistent effect, and long-term application is easy tolead to dependence on drugs and side effects that the chance to increase. Soeffective treat constipation. chronic constipation and reduce the adverseeffects caused by nerve system of rate is the medical workers. the importanttasks. Constipation can be divided into primary constipation and liverconstipation. The study of a functional system-slow transport constipation.The traditional chinese medical treatment for constipation gained richexperience, the prevention and control of local transport type that the effectthe system more exact, a distinct advantage. The medical system is divided intothe will and testament, clinical found the local transport system in the twosides to every type of traditional chinese medicine to a secret, particularlyin old age and sex and long-term need a laxative. The course of the disease islonger than the secret, stubborn and clinical symptoms of poor healing. Professor Tian Zhen Guo by years of practice to discover the ancient and modern literature,after a great deal of the verification conclusion for one of the profit oftreatment, and invent Zhuyangtongbian soup to support the bowels in the kidneysand spleen, to treat this disease and have clinical effect.
     To further explore the treatment mechanism of Zhuyangtongbian soup to treatconstipation. And combine the researching progressiong of internal and external,design the project. Mainly from the following aspects: to observe the study ofthe bowels of the soup with constipation model of the bowels and from themolecular level, the application of group of research on its way to the bindingof this model of the colon the mouse rooms of vessels nervous activity peptide(the vip) and five-ht content, further support of the bowels soup treatconstipation likely impact of the mechanism, for chinese medical treatment forthe slow transfer system provides a basis of clinical experiments, and to providea reference to drug to do well in the preparatory.
     Experiment1: The slow transfer system, a mouse preparation ofmodel
     Purpose: Copy of the transport type of rodents slow system model
     Material and method: The105mice by gender, weight stratification wererandomly divided into normal group, model group, Marenruanjiaonang group、slight-dose Zhuyangtongbian soup group、middle-dose Zhuyangtongbian soupgroup、high-dose Zhuyangtongbian soup group and Xishabili group. A total of7groups,15rats in each group, half male and female. Besides normal group, othergroups are the establishment of model. According to the report, the normal group wasinjected with an equal volume of isotonic saline, the rest of the mice in eachgroup according to the2.5mg/kg dose of once-daily subcutaneous injection ofmorphine hydrochloride, continuous intravenous injection for45days, can causeslow transit constipation mice model.
     Results:Model of a wizened little mouse appearance, weight, and the small and urinate yellowing, stool stem node obviously, the small particles in the soil,and grain number and weight noticeably, constipation, in the clinical a verysuccessful.
     Conclusion: On mouse according to2.5mg/kg dose on a subcutaneous injectionof morphine hydrochloride,45days continuous injection method for molding, youcan copy the success of slow transit constipation mice model, simple operation,good safety.The model can be used for further animal experiments using.
     Experiment2: The influence of Zhuyangtongbian soup on stooltime and stool weight of mouse
     Purpose: To observe the influence of Zhuyangtongbian soup on stool time andstool weight of model mouse,we can judge the efficient effects ofZhuyangtongbian soup on slow transit constipation.
     Material and method: After injecting mice on a different solutionintragastrically giving.Normal group and model group daily at0.2ml/10g bodyweight with distilled water;Marenruanjiaonang group was intragastic infusedwith Marenruanjiaonang. Xishabili group was intragastic infused with Xishabili.Slight-dose Zhuyangtongbian soup group、middle-dose Zhuyangtongbian soup groupand high-dose Zhuyangtongbian soup group were intragastic infused with differentdose of Zhuyangtongbian soup which contented the medicine of14.63g/kg,29.25g/kg and58.50g/kg. All groups were continuous intragastric administrationfor8days.During the administration, all mice were free of food and drinkingwater, every2days weighing a, and according to the weight change of dosage.Eachgroup of mice in ninth days before drug administration were fasted to restrainwater12h.Ninth days after intragastric administration with30min, each mouseaccording to0.2ml/10g given with good ink gastric perfusion, the end ofoperation at the same time start time.The recovery of normal feeding inlet, andthe filter paper shop on the feeding cages were observed, recorded in mice firstpassed black stool time and each laboratory mice in the24h feces total weight.
     Results:
     Compared with the normal group, model group mice first black feces time wassignificantly prolonged (P<0.05),24h group mouse stool weight weresignificantly reduced (P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the normal groupand the treated mice first black feces time decreased,24h mice increased stoolweight.
     Conclusion:
     1Morphine hydrochloride subcutaneous injection molding method of copyingout mice with constipation model stability.
     2Zhuyangtongbian soup can shorten the time of mice with constipation firstblack stool, increasing constipation mice24hours of defecation weight, andshowed a dose-effect relationship.
     Experiment3: The influence of Zhuyangtongbian soup on thelength of ink progradation of the small intestine of mouse
     Purpose: To observe the influence of Zhuyangtongbian soup on the length ofink progradation of the small intestine of mouse,we can judge the efficienteffects of Zhuyangtongbian soup on slow transit constipation.
     Material and method:In tenth days of mice administered before fasting torestrain water12h, gastric perfusion after administration of30min, the micein each group are in accordance with the0.2ml/10g dose given with good ink.The30min mice were killed (by removal of the cervical approach), calculation ofink in the study of the rate of advance.Methods: after the separation of thesmall and large open abdominal cavity.Measuring the length of intestine for"small total length", from the pylorus to the forefront for ink "ink advancelength", small intestinal propulsive rate is measured the length divided by themeasurement of the length of the latter is multiplied by one hundred percent.
     Results:The seven groups of mice small bowel intestinal propulsive rate compared to normal mice, model group75.07%, fell to66.53%, the difference wassignificant(P<0.05); after the treatment of each ink advance rate increasedto different extent, high dose group reached92.52%, significantly higher thanthat in the model group not only, and higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05).
     Conclusion:
     1Morphine hydrochloride subcutaneous injection of1replicate mice withconstipation model stability.
     2Zhuyangtongbian soup can significantly improve constipation mouse smallintestinal propulsion ratio, strengthening gastrointestinal motility, furtherto cure constipation, and showed a dose-effect relationship.
     Experiment4:The Effects of Zhuyangtongbian soup on5-HT andVIP
     Purpose: Zhuyangtongbian soup on study of slow transit constipation modelmice colon tissue pathological changes and5-HT receptor, VIP distribution andexpression of.
     Material and method:Experiments in mice after the last administrationquickly open abdominal, isolated Escherichia, cutting off the mouse proximalcolon tissue of about15mm, loaded with fixed liquid vials conservation.UsingHE staining and immunohistochemical staining method for dyeing processing, firstobserved under light microscopy in colonic tissue5-HT receptor (5-HT) andvasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) distribution and content change.Results ofimmunohistochemical determination method: cytoplasm appear yellow or brownishyellow substance5-HT receptor and VIP positive.
     Results:The amount of5-HT and VIP decreased obviously in colon of mouse modelwith chronic constipation. After treatment by Zhuyangtongbian soup, the amountincreased more than control group.
     Conclusion: Zhuyangtongbian soup in treatment of slow transit constipationmodel mechanism of action may be regulated through the colon tissueneurotransmitter (5-HT receptors and VIP) content to achieve.
引文
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