摘要
氟苯尼考(Florfenicol)，又名氟甲砜霉素，为甲砜霉素(Thiamphenicol)的单氟衍生物，是一种化学合成的新型氯霉素类广谱抗菌药物。氟苯尼考毒性低，对环境污染小，抗菌谱广，而且常用抗菌药的耐药菌株仍对其敏感，特别是其无氯霉素所具有的潜在致再生障碍性贫血的可能，而有望成为氯霉素的代用品。氯霉素在治疗疾病的过程中，往往会抑制畜禽的免疫功能，而甲砜霉素抑制体液免疫的作用比氯霉素强约6倍。目前，关于氟苯尼考对畜禽免疫系统特别是体液免疫是否造成影响还未见报道。
黄芪(Radix Astragali)和淫羊藿(Herba Epimedii)同属补虚类中药，现代研究证实，黄芪和淫羊藿均能增强机体免疫功能，提高机体对疾病的抵抗力。本试验从黄芪和淫羊藿中分离提取有效成分来组成中草药复方黄芪淫羊藿合剂(以下简称黄藿合剂)，给予正常鸡黄藿合剂，通过监测鸡新城疫(Newcastle Disease，ND)和禽流感(Avian Influenza，AI)抗体消长规律，观察黄藿合剂对正常鸡体液免疫是否具有增强作用。另外，对于氟苯尼考，如果其明显抑制鸡体液免疫，可否用黄藿合剂去消除这种抑制，保护鸡免疫力，这也将成为本试验的一个重要目的。
本试验分别对免疫期间的各组鸡连续两周给予不同剂量的氟苯尼考、中草药复方黄比淫羊藿合剂后，在不同日龄采取血样，用血凝抑制(HI)试验分别对鸡新城疫(ND)抗体水平和禽流感(AI)抗体水平进行监测。结果表明，混饮给药，小剂量(50mg／L)氟苯尼考对鸡ND抗体水平影响不显著(p＞0.05)，而中(150mg／L)、高(250mg／L)剂量氟苯尼考对鸡ND抗体水平有显著的抑制作用(p＜0.01)；氟苯尼考追加给药一周后，中、高剂量组ND抗体水平又有显著降低(p＜0.05)，而小剂量组ND抗体水平差异不显著；中(15ml／L)、高(22.5ml／L)剂量黄芪淫羊藿合剂对ND、AI抗体产生有显著增强作用(p＜0.01)；对因氟苯尼考造成的免疫抑制，黄芪淫羊藿合剂可使抗体水平恢复至对照组水平(p＞0.05)。
Florfenicol, a new chemosynthesis broad spectrum antibiotic of chloramphenicol analogues, is a fluorinated derivative of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol will likely become the substitute of chloramphenicol for its low toxicity, little pollution and broad antibacterial spectrum and it also has activity against some bacterias that are resistant to most common antibiotic, eapecially in that it has no adverse effect that causes the irreversible aplastic anemia in human and animals as chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol has adverse effect that
suppresses humoral immune response of critter and poultry in veterinary clinic and the suppression effect is roughly six times in thiamphenicol than that in chloramphenicol. The effect of florfenicol on humoral immune response of critter and poultry has never been researched to this day.
Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii are both Chinese herbal medicine of invigorator species. Modern researches approved that Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii had immunoaccelerant function to critter and poultry and could enhance their resistivity to ailments. Efficient components of Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii had been extracted to form Chinese herbal ingredients Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii. Chicks were administered the preparation, and immunoaccelerant effects of the preparation were observed via determining the changes of Newcastle Disease (ND) antibody liters and Avian Influenza (AI) antibody liters. On the other hand, if florfenicol obviously suppressed humoral immune response in chicks, whether the using of ingredients Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii in chicks could reverse the suppression and protect chicks' immunity, which was also an important purpose in this test.
Chicks were administered florfenicol, Chinese herbal ingredients Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii of different dosages orally for two weeks during inoculating period for
investigating the effects of the drugs on antibody production. Blood samples were collected in different time after oral administration. The Newcastle disease (ND) and the Avian Influenza (AI) antibody titers were determined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test respectively. The results indicated that no significantly lower response was measured in chicks that received florfenicol at a low dosage of 50mg/L drinking water (P>0.05), whereas ND antibody titers were significantly decreased in chicks that received the drug at a middle dosage of 150mg/L drinking water and a high dosage of 250mg/L drinking water (P<.01). ND antibody titers were significantly decreased in chicks that were additionally administered florfenicol for a week at a middle dosage and a high dosage (p<0.05), while no significantly decreased response was observed in chicks that were administered florfenicol at low dosage (P>0.05). ND and AI antibody titers were significantly higher by drinking ingredients Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii at middle (15ml/L drinking water) and high (22.5ml/L drinking water) dose (PO.01), as compared with the control group. The humoral immune response impairment caused by florfenicol could be controled and the antibody titers could be adjusted
to control level by using ingredients Radix Astragali and Herba Epimedii (P>0.05).
引文
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