面向开放式数控的运动控制器研究
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摘要
近年来,开放式数控系统已成为新一代NC系统的主流,开发基于通用PC机与开
    放式可编程运动控制器构成的数控系统具有广阔的发展前景。本文提出了一种以数字信
    号处理器(DSP)为控制核心,辅以大规模可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)的开放式可编程运
    动控制器的初步设计方案,并对其中的插补和速度检测部分进行了系统的设计:
     提出了以DSP(数字信号处理器)为核心处理芯片,辅以CPLD和双端口RAM实现外
    围接口与上位机的通讯的设计方案,充分利用了软硬件的优势,对于提高系统的工作性
    能有极大帮助,使整个系统实时性高,组成元件少,结构紧凑,可靠性高,抗干扰能力
    强。
     完成了用VHDL硬件描述语言对全数字转速位置测量子系统的设计,并用MAX—plusII
    软件进行了编译和波形仿真,在CPLD(MAX7000)得到实现,该系统克服以往设计中存在
    的易受干扰、工作稳定性差、采样周期太长等的缺点,输出延时仅为19.5ns,采样最低
    周期可达到500ns,且四倍频微分电路获得的脉冲周期稳定。
     插补模块则采用了当今最流行最先进的NURBS插补技术,设计了NURBS数学处
    理程序,插补预处理程序,运行于DSP的实时插补程序,该插补软件采用了先进的自适
    应插补方法,可以根据加工的速度,加速度,弓高误差的要求自适应调整插补步长,同
    时采用了对插补点的预估算法,免去以往加工方法中求导的运算,大大降低了运算量,
    提高了加工速度。
     最后本文给出了数控加工过程的位置修正方案,采用软件实现对指令位置和反馈位
    置的比较,并通过PID控制算法实现位置修正。
Recently, open CNC is becoming the main trend of new generation NC. To explore
    CNC based on PC and consisting of open programmable movement controller has a nice
    perspective. This article proposes a primary project of open programmable controller which
    uses DSP as its controlling core and is aided with CPLD, and designs parts of controller
    involving interpolation and speed detecting.
     The project using DSP as central processing chip and aided with CPLD to communicate
    with pc and dual port ram as interfaces to peripheral equipments makes full use of advantages
    of hardware and software .It is also very helpful in machining performance and make the
    whole system have high real-time ability, less components, compact structure and high
    anti_jamming ability.
     Proposing a full numerical speed-detecting system project. This system is realized by
    CPLD which can get rid of the disadvantages in one-time design including property liable to
    jamming, long sampling period, and poor working stability. Its sampling period is up to 500ns
    at least and output delay is only 19.5ns. A stable period of pulse coming out of
    quadruple-frequency differential circle belongs to it.
     This interpolation module uses the popular and advanced NURBS interpolation
    technology. The procedures of math processing for NURBS, preprocessing for interpolation
    and real-time interpolating running on DSP are presented in this article. The interpolating
    procedure uses an advanced self-adjusting interpolation method, which can automatically
    adjust the length of interpolation according to machining speed, acceleration and the tolerance
    of bow height. A real-time interpolator for NURBS curves based on parameter prediction and
    correction is applied. The proposed approach provides good performance in two respects to
    meet the requirements of high-speed and high accuracy machining. First, the calculation time
    is significantly reduced by applying preprocessing, avoiding computing the derivative and
    radius of curvature of curves. Second, feed-rate can adapt to the curve's curvature to limit the
    
    
    contour error and feed-acceleration within the allowable range.
     At last, this article presents the project for position correction during machining, it
    compare instruction position with feedback position by software and correct the position error
    with PID control method.
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