摘要
基于光子晶体光纤制作的光纤陀螺在外太空和核反应堆等强辐射环境中具有重要的应用前景。论文在国家自然科学基金项目“基于偏振保持光子晶体光纤的光纤陀螺研制”(No.60577034)的资助下,研究了具有高容错能力和高偏振稳定性的偏振保持光子晶体光纤及基于这种光纤制作的光纤陀螺的特性,其主要创新性研究工作体现在:
(1)建立了基于三维全矢量束传播法的偏振保持光子晶体光纤理论分析模型,针对光纤空气孔沿光纤横向和纵向产生大小、非圆及位置等三种微扰情况,深入分析了其双折射及偏振稳定性。
(2)提出一种近椭圆内包层偏振保持光子晶体光纤结构,通过对其偏振特性与偏振稳定性分析,并与类熊猫型偏振保持光子晶体光纤相对比,证明了这种光纤具有优异的偏振特性和偏振稳定性。在此基础上提出一种具有较小的弯曲损耗、较高的消光比、较好的偏振稳定性,且易于与SLD耦合的适用于光纤陀螺的小模场直径近椭圆内包层偏振保持光子晶体光纤结构。
(3)从小模场直径近椭圆内包层偏振保持光子晶体光纤制作工艺的实际出发,建立了光纤预制棒用毛细管的外径沿横向的偏差和纵向的随机波动而产生光纤双折射系数与消光比劣化的理论分析模型。对于给定的光纤消光比劣化指标,得出了制作这种光纤所需毛细管直径在横向和纵向变化的容差范围,从而为偏振保持光子晶体光纤的制作提供了理论依据。在此基础上,通过严格控制光纤拉丝工艺参数,制作出这种结构的偏振保持光子晶体光纤。
(4)提出了基于小模场直径近椭圆内包层偏振保持光子晶体光纤的闭环干涉型光纤陀螺结构,分析了光纤敏感环的偏振非互易性、接续点光纤偏振主轴的对准误差、光源的偏振度与功率波动等对光纤陀螺输出性能参数的影响。
(5)提出了一种新颖的高稳定性掺Er~(3+)光纤激光器结构,采用直接在自制的高质量光敏保偏掺Er~(3+)光纤两端紫外写入光纤光栅的方法,形成无接续全保偏线形光学谐振腔,提高了光纤激光器输出功率和工作波长的稳定性,为研制用于谐振腔式光纤陀螺等高灵敏度的光纤传感系统的光源提供了可靠的技术支持。
Fiber optic gyroscope(FOG) based on photonic crystal fiber shows important application prospects on strong radiation environments such as outspace and nuclear reactor.This dissertation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60577034.In this dissertation,polarizaition maintaining photonic crystal fiber(PM-PCF) with high polarization stability and the characteristics of fiber optic gyroscope(FOG) based on this PM-PCF are investigated.The main innovative achievements are listed as follows:
(1) A new theoretical analysis model of PM-PCF is established based on three-dimensional full-vector beam propagation method(3D-FV-BPM).The effects of transverse variation and longitudinal variation of air-holes with three type situations (diameter variation,non-circle variation and position offset) on birefringence and polarization stability are analyzed in detail.
(2) A novel near-elliptic inner-cladding PM-PCF(NEIC-PCF) is proposed and its polarization characteristics and polarization stability are analyzed.Compared with near-Panda cladding photonic crystal fiber(NPC-PCF),this fiber shows outstanding polarization characteristics and polarization stability.Furthermore,an improved NEIC-PCF structure with small mode area(SMFD-NEIC-PCF) is designed for FOG. This new structure can realize simple coupling with SLD source and shows particularly good performance on small bend-loss,high extinction ratio and high polarization stability.
(3) According to the fabrication processing of SMFD-NEIC-PCF,A new theoretical analysis model of fiber birefringence and extinction ratio deterioration induced by diameter variation and longitudinal stochastic variation of silicon capillaries used for fiber preform is established.The transverse and longitudinal diameter error tolerance ranges of capillaries can be calculated on given extinction ratio,which show a good reference on fabrication processing of PM-PCF.Based on this theoretical analysis,the SMFD-NEIC-PCF is fabricated by strict control of fiber drawing technology.
(4) A novel closed-loop interferometric FOG based on SMFD-NEIC-PCF is proposed. The effects on output performance of FOG such as polarization non-reciprocity of fiber coil,coupling error of splices,polarization degree of fiber and power variation are investigated.
(5) A novel high stability fiber laser with all polarization-maintaining non-splices linear optical resonator realized by directly writting FBGs in a photosensitive polarization- maintaining erbium-doped fiber(PM-EDF) using UV laser is proposed and demonstrated.It shows stable performance both on output power and operating wavelength,which can be applied on high precision resonator FOG or other high sensitivity fiber sensor system.
引文
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