摘要
珍珠菜属植物是一个药用植物大属，民间应用广泛、植物资源丰富。本文以体外抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选为指导，从13种珍珠菜属植物中选择了山高粱(Lysimachia clethroides)和狭叶落地梅(Lysimachia paridiformis var. stenophylla)进行系统的活性成分、降血糖和保肝药效学研究，为珍珠菜属植物资源药用开发、引种栽培以及综合利用提供一定的理论依据。通过系统深入的研究，取得如下研究成果。
1.首次对狭叶落地梅和山高粱提取物进行了体外抗氧化活性和体内化学性肝损伤的保护研究。体外研究发现狭叶落地梅和山高粱的正丁醇提取物(LPFBU和LCBU)体外抗氧化活性最强，两者清除DPPH自由基的能力最强(IC_(50)=15.69和9.86μg/mL)，均高于阳性对照BHT (IC_(50)=18.71μg/mL)；山高粱三个提取物中LCBU对ABTS自由基的清除能力最强(IC_(50)=7.43μg/mL)，高于阳性对照BHT (IC_(50)=7.72μg/mL)；狭叶落地梅三个提取物中，LPFEA和LPFBU对ABTS自由基的清除能力(IC_(50)=10.04和10.97μg/mL)强于LPFPE (IC_(50)=109.32μg/mL)；LPFBU和LPFEA (RACT_(50)=765.4和695.2μmol/g)还原Fe3+的能力强于LPFPE(RACT_(50)=156.55μmol/g)，但低于三个阳性对照。
小鼠体内研究表明狭叶落地梅三个提取物均能显著抑制CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠血清GOT和GPT升高，LPFBU高剂量组降低血清GOT水平效果最好，效果优于阳性对照药物联苯双酯，且三个提取物显著提升CCl4所致小鼠肝脏匀浆液中SOD的水平，降低MDA的含量；山高粱3个提取物均能极显著降低CCl4致肝损伤小鼠血清中GOT和GPT的活力，与阳性对照联苯双酯(70mg/kg)相比，LCEA高、中剂量组(600和300mg/kg)和LCBU中、低剂量组(300和150mg/kg)接近正常水平，其中LCEA显示很好的剂量依赖性。除LCBU低剂量组(150mg/kg)，山高粱3个提取物其他各剂量组能够明显升高CCl4致肝损伤小鼠肝匀浆中SOD的水平，降低MDA的含量，其中LCBU高、中剂量组(600和300mg/kg)的效果最好。本研究证明山高粱和狭叶落地梅提取物有一定的肝保护作用，保肝机制与其提高肝细胞抗氧化能力有关，未见相关文献报道，有望用于开发防治肝脏疾病的药物。
2.首次研究发现，与阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC_(50)=1103.01μg/mL)相比，狭叶落地梅和山高粱各提取物有极显著的体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性：LPF(IC_(50)=38.97,42.62和20.00μg/mL)，LC(IC50=10.95和190.81μg/mL)。各提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率呈现很好的剂量依赖性。
小鼠体内研究表明狭叶落地梅提取物LPF和山高粱提取物LC对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠餐后血糖无显著影响，但狭叶落地梅乙酸乙酯提取物LPFEA(1000和500mg/kg)可以极显著降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖(p<0.001)，并可通过降低血清中TG、TC含量，来改善糖尿病小鼠并发的高血脂症，纠正其脂质代谢异常。通过促进肝糖原合成，减少肝糖原分解而降低血糖。通过降低小鼠体内MDA含量，提高体内SOD活性来增强机体抗氧化能力，保护糖尿病小鼠机体免受自由基进一步氧化损伤，从而起到降糖作用。因此狭叶落地梅有望用于对糖尿病及其并发症的有效防治。
3.系统研究优化了山高粱有效成分分离纯化技术。从山高粱全草醋酸乙酯、甲醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物，鉴定了其中的7个，分别为β-胡萝卜苷(1)，山奈酚(2)，谷甾醇(3)，槲皮素(4)，豆甾醇(5)，β-香树脂(6)，桦木酸(7)。研究结果显示，化合物2和4分别具有强抗氧化活性(IC_(50)=14.78和6.94μg/mL)和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(IC_(50)=73.69和8.86μg/mL)，为山高粱活性成分之一。
4.首次采用固相微萃取和气质联用技术对5种珍珠菜属植物挥发性成分进行分析鉴定。分析表明，珍珠菜属植物精油在医药和香料工业均有一定的应用价值，但其作用机理尚须深入研究。
5.本文综述了珍珠菜属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究进展，为研究该属植物的生物活性成分和医药用途提供理论依据。
The plants of genus Lysimachia are abundant in resource and widely distributed in China. Reports forgenus Lysimachia are full as folk-medicines widely used in China. This paper include antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitory activity of two species that screened in thirteen species of Lysimachia genus invitro. Then, active compounds, hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic effect of L. paridiformis var.stenophylla and L. clethroides on liver injury and alloxan-induced diabetic mice are evaluated in vivo. Thisthesis provides the theoretical basis for medicine development, introduction and cultivation and utilizationof this genus. As part of systematic and deep research, this thesis has innovative results as follows:
1. Antioxidant activity of L. clethroides. and L. paridiformis var. stenophylla is evaluated for the firsttime in vitro, and antioxidant activity of n-BuOH extracts (LPFBU and LCBU) are the highest than that ofother extracts. In DPPH assay, the antioxidant activity of LCBU and LPFBU (IC_(50)=9.86and15.69μg/mL,respectively) were both higher than that of BHT (IC_(50)=18.71μg/mL). In ABTS assay, the antioxidantactivity of LCBU (IC_(50)=7.43μg/mL) was higher than that of BHT (IC_(50)=7.72μg/mL). In ABTS assay, theantioxidant activity of LPFEA (IC_(50)=10.31μg/mL) and LPFBU (IC_(50)=10.97μg/mL) were lower than thatof three positive control, and far higher than that of LPFPE (IC_(50)=109.32μg/mL). In FARP assay, LPFEAand LPFBU (RACT_(50)=695.2and765.4μmol/g, respectively) ferri ion reduction capacity were lower thanthat of three positive control, but far higher than that of LPFPE (RACT_(50)=156.55μmol/g).
The levels of GOT and GPT in serum are significantly decreased by intragastric administration ofthree extracts of LPF compared with positive control of bifendate on CCl4-induced acute liver injury inmice, LPFBU (600mg/kg) showed the highest activity in decreasing the level of GOT in serum, and thecontent of MDA in liver for each treatment group is significantly decreased, and the level of SOD issignificantly increased. Administration each dose group of LCPE, LCEA and LCBU respectively weresignificantly decreased in the level of GOT and GPT, and LCEA (600and300mg/kg, respectively) andLCBU (300and1_(50) mg/kg, respectively) tend to bring the level to near normal compared with positivecontrol of bifendate (70mg/kg). Results showed that intragastric administration of LCPE, LCEA andLCBU was similar to bifendate and LCEA showed dose dependence. The conent of MDA in liver for eachtreatment group is significantly decreased, and the level of SOD in liver is significantly increased except LCBU(1_(50) mg/kg). LPFBU(600and300mg/kg, respectively) showed the highest activity. Results showedthat LC and LPF are useful to protect CCl4-induced acute liver injury and hepatoprotective mechanisms isrelated to improve the antioxidant capacity of liver cells. It can be used to protect and treatment of liverdisease.
2. The LPFPE, LPFEA and LPFBU have strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro which arereported for the first time. They showed stronger inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase (IC_(50)=38.97,42.62and20μg/mL, respectively) than that of acarbose (IC_(50)=1103.01μg/mL) as positive control. Resultsshowed that α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of LPFPE, LPFEA and LPFBU exhibited strong activity indose dependent manner.
Administration of LPF and LC to diabetic rats resulted in no significant decrease in level ofpost-prandial blood glucose. The intragastric administration of LPFEA (1000and500mg/kg, respectively)to diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in level of fasting blood glucose (p<0.001). The level ofTG and TC in administration of LPF in serumon Alloxan-induced diabetic mice was significantly decreased.This can improve concurrent hyperlipidemia of ALX-induced diabetic mice, and correct the abnormal lipidmetabolism. Through improving liver glycogen synthesis can decrease glycogen breakdown and bloodsugar. By reducing the content of MDA and increasing activity of SOD to enhance antioxidant capabilityand protect the body from further oxidative damage which is caused by free radicals in diabetic mice,which play the role of hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, LPF has effective prevention and treatment on thedevelopment for diabetes and its complications.
3. Active compounds in L. clethroides are isolated and identified using all kinds of columnchromagraphy and spectral technology.14compounds are isolated and7are identified as β-daucosterin(1), kaempferol (2), sitosterol (3), quercetin (4), soybeansterol (5), β-fragrant resin (6) and betulinic acid(7). Results showed that the compound2and4had the highest antioxidant activity(IC_(50)=14.78and6.94μg/mL, respectively) and stronger inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase(IC_(50)=73.69and8.86μg/mL,respectively) in vitro. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the compound2and4are activeingredients of L. clethroides.
4. The volatile constituents of five species of genus Lysimachia were analyzed by head-space solidmicro-extraction，coupled with GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS) for the first time. The consequence has shown that the plant of genus Lysimachia essential oils has great value both in the medical industry and the spicesindustry, however, more research should be carried out on the mechanism of action in the future.
5. The paper summarized the progress of chemical compounds and pharmacology of genusLysimachia, to provide reference for further studies on the bioactive constituents and medicinal use of thisgenus．
引文
[1]中国科学院植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志.北京：科学出版社,1989,3-4．
[2] Kallersjo M, Bergqvist G, Anderberg A. Generic realignment in primuloid families of the Ericales s.l.:a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences from three chloroplast genes and morpholgy[J]. AmJ Bot,2000,87(9):1325-41.
[3]张水国,何顺志.贵州珍珠菜属药用植物的种类与分布[J].世界科学技术一中医药现代化
民族药物学,2005,7(5):59-67.
[4] Kitagawa I, Matsuda A, Yosioka I. Saponin and sapogenol VII. Sapogenol constituents of fiveprimulaceous plants[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1972,20:2226-2234.
[5] Liang B, Zhang L, Tian J K, et al. Isolation and characterization of two new saponins from Lysimachiacapillipes[J]. Carbohydr Res,2006,341(14):2444-2448.
[6]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.黄连花中两个新的三萜皂苷[J].药学学报,2004,(3):194-197.
[7]张晓瑢,彭树林,肖顺昌,等.单条草的皂甙成分[J].植物学报,1999,41(5):534-536.
[8] Kitagawa I, Matsuda A, Yosioka I. Saponin and sapogenol. VII.Sapogenol constituents of fiveprimulaceous plants[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1972,20(10):2226-2234.
[9] Podolak I, Janeczko Z, Galanty A et al. A triterpene saponin from Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.[J]. Acta PolPharm,2007,64(1):39-43.
[10]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.黄连花中两个新的三萜皂苷[J].药学学报,2004,39(3):194-197.
[11] Liang B, Tian J K, Xu L Z, et al. Triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia davurica[J]. Chem PharmBull,2006,54(10):1380-1383.
[12] Kohda H, Takeda O, Tanaka S. Molluscicidal triterpenoidal saponin from Lysimachia sikokiana[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1989,37(12):3304-3305.
[13]韩定献,韩建伟,乔明,等.重楼排草皂甙的研究[J].药学学报,1987,22(10):746-749.
[14] Tian J K, Zou Z M, Xu L Z, et al. Two New Saponins from Lysimachia davurica[J]. Chin ChemLetters,2005,16(2):212-214.
[15] Tian J K, Zou Z M, Xu L Z, et al. New cytotoxic saponins from Lysimachia davurica Ledeb[J]. J IntegPlant Biol,2006,48(2):232-235.
[16]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.黄连花中三萜皂苷的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2005,(15):1133-1134.
[17] Tian J K, Xu L Z, Zou Z M, et a1．Three novel triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia capillipes andtheir cytotoxic activities[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,2006,54(4):567-569.
[18] Tian J K, Xu L Z, Zou Z M, et al. New antitumor triterpene saponin from Lysimachia capillipes[J].Chem Nat Comp,2006,42(3):328-331.
[19] Tian J-K, Xie C, Zou Z-M, et al. Two Novel Saponins from Lysimachia capillipes[J]. Chinese ChemLett,2005,16(12):1607-1610.
[20]张晓瑢,彭树林,王明奎,等.聚花过路黄化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1999,34(11):835-838.
[21] Shen Y H, Weng Z Y, Zhao Q S, et al. Five new triterpene glycosides from Lysimachiafoenum-graecum and evaluation of their effect on the arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme[J]. PlantaMed,2005,71(8):770-775.
[22]田景奎,邹忠梅,刘安等.黄莲花化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(4）:283-284.
[23] Ren F Z, Qie J K, Qu H H, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Lysimachia clethroideDuby[J]. Pham J Chin People’s Liber Army,2001,17(4):178-180.
[24] Zhang L, Li B G, Tian J K, et al. Two new triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia davurica[J]. ChemNat Compd,2007,43(5):567-570.
[25] Tian J K, Zou Z M, Xu L Z, et al. Isolation and characterization of two new compounds fromLysimachia davurica[J]. Chem Res Chin Univ,2005,21(5):549-551
[26] Tian J K, Zou Z M, Xu L Z, et al. Two new triterpene saponins from Lysimachia davurica[J]. J AsianNat Prod Res,2005,7(4):601-606.
[27] Zhang L, Tian J K, Xu L Z, et al. One new triterpenoid saponin from Lysimachia davurica[J]. NatProd Res,2007,21(2):106-110.
[28] Tian J K, Zou Z M, Xu L Z, et al. Two new saponins from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl[J]. J IntegPlant Biol,2005,47(10):1271-1275.
[29] Tian J K, Xu L Z, Zou Z M, et al. Two new triterpene saponins from Lysimachia capillipes[J]. J AsianNat Prod Res,2006,8(5):439-444.
[30] Li X R, Li Z M, Shu Shan Duc, et al. Two triterpenes from Lysimachia foenum-graecum[J]. J AsianNat Prod Res,2009,11(2):128-131.
[31]黄新安,蔡佳仲,胡英杰,等.星宿菜化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2007,(7):596-599.
[32] Marr K L, Bohm B A, Cooke C, et al. Flavonoids of hawaiian endemic Lysimachia in honour ofProfessor G. H. Neil Towers75th birthday[J]. Phytochemistry,1998,49(2):553-557.
[33]谢忱,徐丽珍,赵保华,等.细梗香草化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2000,31(2):81-83.
[34]崔东滨,王淑琴,严铭铭.金钱草中黄酮苷的分离与结构鉴定[J].药学学报,2003,38(3):196-198.
[35]赵世萍,林平,薛智.大金钱草化学成分的研究[J].中草药,1988,19(6):245-248.
[36]邹海艳,屠鹏飞.珍珠菜化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2009,40(5):704-708.
[37] Yasukawa K, Takido M. Flavonoid Glycosides from Lysimachiae Herba and Lysimachia christianaevar. typica[J]. Planta Med,1993,59(6):578.
[38] Yasukawa K, Sekine H, Takido M. Two flavonol glycosides from Lysimachia fortunei[J].Phytochemistry,1989,28(8):2215-2216.
[39] Yasukawa K, Ogawa H, Takido M. Two flavonol glycosides from Lysimachia nummula[J].Phytochemistry,1990,29(5):1707-1708.
[40] Yasukawa K, Takido M. A flavonol glycoside from Lysimachia mauritiana[J]. Phytochemistry,1987,26(4):1224-1226.
[41]杨念云,段金廒,李萍,等.金钱草中黄酮类化合物的分离与结构鉴定[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(21):1621-1624.
[42] Guo J, Yu D L, Xu L Z. Flavonol glycosides from Lysimachia congestiflora[J]. Phytochemistry,1998,48(8):1445-1447.
[43]王宇杰，孙启时.金钱草的化学成分研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2005,15(6):357-359.
[44]谢忱,徐丽珍,赵保华,等.细梗香草化学成分的研究[J].中草药,2000,31(2):81-83.
[45]张援虎,何丽,关焕玉,等.追风伞中黄酮类成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(14):1824-1826.
[46] Yasukawa K, Taira T, Takido M. Flavonol glycosides from Lysimachia thyrsiflora[J]. Biochem SystEcol,1997,25(1):73-74.
[47] Xie C, Xu L Z, Luo X Z, et al. Flavonol glycosides from Lysimachia capillipes[J]. J Asian Nat ProdRes,2002,4(1):17-23.
[48]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.细梗香草化学成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(3):171-173.
[49]邹海艳,屠鹏飞.珍珠菜黄酮类化合物的研究[J].中国天然药物,2004,2(1):59-61.
[50]郭剑,徐丽珍,杨世林.聚花过路黄的化学成分研究[J].天然药物化学研究与开发,10(4):12-14.
[51]王爱国,尹春凤,冯孝章.风寒草化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(8):694-695.
[52] Ulusoylu M, Gurkan E, Tuzlaci E. Flavonoids of Lysimachia atropurpurea L[J]. Acta PharmaceuticaTurcca,2003,45(3):181-182.
[53]沈联德,姚福润.金钱草化学成分的研究[J].药学通报,1988,13(11):671-674.
[54]楼凤昌,马琴玉,杜方麓.灵香草化学成分的研究[J].中国药科大学学报,1989,20(1):37-39.
[55]丁智慧,和韵苹,丁靖垲.小果香草的化学成分[J].云南植物研究,1993,15(2):201-214.
[56]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.黄连花化学成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2003,(11):836-838.
[57]王宇杰,孙启时.金钱草的化学成分研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2005,15(6):357-359.
[58]田景奎,邹忠梅,徐丽珍,等.黄连花化学成分研究[J].中草药,2001,32(11):967-969.
[59] Xu F Q, Zhong H M, Liu H Y, et al. Steroidal saponins from Lysimachia Paridiformis[J]. J Asian NatProd Res,2007,9(6):493-497.
[60] Yasukawa K, Takido M. Studies on the chemical constituents of genusLysimachia. I. On the wholeparts of Lysimachia japonica Thunb and Lysimachia clethroides Duby[J]. Yakugaku Zasshi,1986,106(10):939-941.
[61] Shoji N, Umeyama A, Takemoto T, et al. Sodium, potassium-ATPase inhibitors from Lysimachiajaponica[J]. J Nat Prod,1984,47(3):530-532.
[62] Huang X A, Ha C Y, Yang R Z, et al. A new alkaloid from Lysimachia patungensis[J]. Chem NatComp,2007,43(2):170-172.
[63] Luczak S, Swiatek L, Daniewski M. Phenolic acids in Lysimachia nummularia and Lysimachiavulgaris herbs[J]. Acta Pol Pharm,1989,46(4):381-385.
[64]空军汉口医院肿瘤防治小组.珍珠菜黄酮苷抗肿瘤作用的实验研究[J].新医学,1977,8(3):112-113.
[65]湖北空军汉口医院肿瘤防治小组.珍珠菜黄酮苷对L615白血病的实验研究[J].新医学,1981,12(6):293-294.
[66]张威,唐丽华,梁中琴,等.珍珠菜提取物对白血病细胞的抑制作用[J]. Anty-infection Pharmacy,2007,4(2):62-65.
[67] Liu Y L, Tang L H, Liang Z Q, et al. Growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing by effects of totalflavonoids from Lysimachia clethroides Duby in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562cells[J]. JEthnopharmacol,2010,131(1):1-9.
[68]唐丽华,王袆茜,游本刚,等.珍珠菜提取物ZE4对SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导作用[J].上海中医药杂志,2010,44(3):58-62.
[69]唐丽华,徐向毅,游本刚,等.珍珠菜总黄酮苷的抗肿瘤作用及机制研究[J].上海中医药杂志,2007,41(5):74-76.
[70] Podolak I, Galanty A, Janeczko Z. Cytotoxie activity of embelin from Lysimachia punctata[J].Fitoterapia,2005,76(3-4):333-335.
[71] Arisawa M, Ohmura K, Kobayashi A, et al. A cytotoxicconstituent of Lysimachia japonicaThunb.(Primulaceae) and the structure-activity relationships of related compounds[J]. Chem PharmBull,1989,37(9):2431-2434.
[72] Podolak I, Elas M, Cieszka K. In vitro antifungal and cytotoxic activity of triterpene saponosides andquinoid pigments from Lysimachia vulgaris L[J]. Phytother Res,1998,12: S70-S73.
[73] Podolak I, Jadilaetones and quinines from Lysimachia fordiana Oliv[J]. J Mol Struct,2007,43(2):341-345.
[74] Huang X A, Yang R Z, Cai X L, et al. Analysis of new benzo-di-lactones and quinones fromLysimachia fordiana Oliv[J]. J Mol Struct,2007,830(1-3):100-105.
[75] Shen Y H, Weng Z Y, Zhao Q S, et al. Five new triterpene glycosides from Lysimachiafoenum-graecum and evaluation of their effect on the arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme[J]. PlantaMed,2005,71(8):770-775.
[76] Hegde V R, Silver J, Patel M G, et al. Phospholipase D inhibitors from a myrsine species[J]. J NatProd,1995,58(10):1492-1497.
[77] Galanty A, Michalik M, Sedek L,et al. The influence of LTS-4, A Saponoside from Lysimachiathyrsiflora L., on human skin fibroblasts and human melanoma cells[J]. Cell Mol Biol Lett,2008,13(4):585-598.
[78]黄新安,胡英杰,邓文娣,等.巴东过路黄中三萜皂苷及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2007,15(4):363-365.
[79] Luczak S, Swiatek L, Daniewski M. Phenolic acids in herbs Lysimachia nummularia L．and L.vulgaris L[J]．Acta Pol Pharm,1989,46(4):381-385.
[80] C hoi JW, Park JC, Lee CK. Biologic activities of Lysimachia herba-an algesic and anti-inflammatoryeffects of ethylacetate fraction and a phenyl propanoid component[J]. Nat Prod Sci,1997,3:135-140.
[81]顾丽贞,张百舜,南继红,等.四川大金钱草与广金钱草抗炎作用的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1988,13(7):40.
[82]吴植强.复方金钱草清热解毒颗粒药效学研究[J].广西中医学院学报,2006,9(3):9-14.
[83]赖振屏,黄企光,覃益敏.复方金钱草清热颗粒对柯萨奇病毒提取物抑制作用的研究[J].广西医科大学学报,2006,23(5):738-739.
[84]周世文,姚丹帆.叶下珠和金钱草对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的抑制作用[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1995,8(12):760.
[85]薄锋,袁玲,张永和.金钱草总黄酮提取物的抗血栓作用研究[J].长春中医药大学学报,2007,23(2):10-11.
[86]张雅嫒,马世平.金钱草对食饵性胆色素结石的防治作用[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(2):21-22.
[87]沈德凤,焦艳,沈洪宽,等.金钱草颗粒剂的药效学研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2009,32(3):8-9.
[88]齐柳娅,郁建平,田晶,等.追风伞总黄酮抗风湿活性的研究[J].中药新药与临床药理,2010,21(4):369-372.
[89] Park I K, Kim J, Lee Y S, Shin S C. In vivo fungicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against sixphytopathogenic fungi[J]. Int J Pest Manage,2008,54(1):63-68.
[90]王斌贵,陈燕,张颖,等.过路黄在食用油脂中抗氧化作用的研究[J].中国油脂,1991,16(5):32-35.
[91]黄海兰,徐波,段春生.金钱草提取物的抗氧化活性及其成分研究[J].中国油脂,2006,(12):48-51.
[92]黄海兰,徐波,段春生.金钱草清除自由基活性及其成分研究[J].食品科学,2006,27(l0):183-187.
[93]薄锋.金钱草总黄酮抗心肌缺血药理作用研究[D].长春:长春中医药大学,2007.
[94]雷嘉川,廖志雄,余建清.金钱草提取物对红细胞氧化损伤的保护作用[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(1):33-34.
[95]董良飞,高云涛,杨益林,等.金钱草提取物体外活性氧化作用研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,2006,27(3):47-48.
[96]刘贤贤,张业,覃雯,等.灵香草浸膏及其精油的抗氧化活性研究[J].2010,31(12):137-141.
[97] Li H Y, Hao Z B, Wang X L, et al. Antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions from Lysimachiafoenum-graecum Hance[J]. Bioresource Technol,2009(10):970-974.
[98]李彩芳,宋艳丽,刘瑜新,等.珍珠菜的抗氧化活性.精细化工[J].2008,25(12):1191-1193.
[99] Shen Y H, Weng Z Y, Zhao Q S, et al.2005. Five new triterpene glycosides from Lysimachiafoenum-graecum and evaluation of their effect on the arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme[J]. PlantaMedica,71:770–775.
[100]简洁莹,陈再智,宋丽芬.广金钱草提取物对实验性心肌缺血的保护作用[J].广东医学,1983,4(6):33.
[101]薄锋,袁玲,张永和.金钱草总黄酮提取物的抗血栓作用研究[J].长春中医药大学学报,2007,23(2):10-11.
[102] Lee J O, Chang K, Kim C Y, et al. Lysimachia clethroides Extract Promote Vascularelaxation viaEndothelium-Dependent Mechanism[J]. J Cardiovasc PharmacolTM,2010,55:481-488.
[103]冯新民,何世银,邓来送,等.聚花过路黄对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经保护作用的实验研究[J].中西医结合研究,2009,1(4):182-185.
[104]冯新民,何世银,樊红,等.聚花过路黄对原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞糖-氧剥夺诱导下NF-κBp65蛋白及下游靶基因ICAM-1表达的影响[J].华中科技大学学报(医学版),2010,39(1):73-77.
[105] Zhang L L, Meng J M, Chen H S, et a1. The effects of n-Butanol fraction of Lysimachiahernsleyana on the activities of lymphocytes in mice[J]. J Chin Med Mater,2002,25:888-890.
[106] Seo1J B, Jeong S S C H W, Shin S W P H J, et al. Anti-obesity effects of Lysimachiafoenum-graecum characterized by decreased adipogenesis and regulated lipid metabolism[J]. ExpMol Med,2011,43(4):205-215.
[107]王海东,葛飞,郭玉松,等.金钱草提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(12):939-942.
[108]魏绍煌.金钱草及其民间混用品种对高尿酸血症小鼠的效用[J].药物研究,2006,15(10):10-11
[109]林启云,谢金鲜.金钱草冲剂的药理实验[J].广西中医药,1990,13(6):40-41.
[110]邵绍丰,翁志梁,李澄棣,等.单味中药金钱草、石韦、车前子对肾结石模型大鼠的预防作用[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2009,10(10):874-876.
[111]金德明,沈启华.实验性肾结石的形成以及用金钱草预防和治疗的研究[J].上海中医药杂志,1982,(4):47.
[112]李惠芝,袁志豪,魏永煜.广金钱草与川金钱草抑制-水草酸钙结晶的有效部分的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1988,5(3):208-212.
[113]王萍,沈玉华,谢安健,等.金钱草提取液对尿液中草酸钙结晶生长的影响[J].安徽大学学报自然科学版,2006,30(1):80-84.
[114] Carvalho M, Marcos A. Changes in calcium oxalate crystal morphology as a function ofsupersaturation[J]. Clin Urol,2004,30(3):205-209.
[115]叶章群,陈志强,邓荣进,等.防石排石合剂对草酸钙结晶和结石生长的抑制作用[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,1995,16(4):195-197.
[116]邵绍丰,张爱鸣,刘耀,等.单味中药金钱草、石韦、车前子对大鼠肾结石肾保护作用的实验研究[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2009,19(6):242-244.
[117]袁萍,袁晓.灵香草净油化学成分分析及杀虫活性组分的应用研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(4):417-420.
[1] Sudakin DL. Occupational exposure to aluminium phosphide and phosphine gas? A suspected casereport and review of the literature[J]. Hum Exp Toxicol,2005,24(1):27-33.
[2] Gil HW, Oh MH, Woo KM, et al. Relationship between pulmonary surfactant protein and lipidperoxidation in lung injury due to paraquat intoxication in rats[J]. Korean J Intern Med,2007,22(2):67-72.
[3] Wang BJ, Liu CT, Teng C Y, et a1. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Bupleurum kaoi Liu(Chao et Chuang)extract and its fractions fractionated using supercritical CO2on CCl4-induced liverdamage[J]. Food Chem Toxicol,2004,42(4):609-617.
[4] Gonzalez FJ, Liu SY, Yano M. Regu1ation of Cytochrome P-450genes: molecular mechanisms[J].Pharmacogenet Genom,1993,3(1):51-57.
[5] Farghali H, Masek K. Immunopharmacologic agents in the amelioration of hepatic injuries[J]. Int JImmunopharmacol,1998,20(4-5):125-39.
[6] Michiels C, Raes M, Toussaint O, et al. Importance of se．glutathione peroxidade, catalase andCu/Zn-SOD for cell survial against oxidative stress[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,1994,7(3):235.
[7]王萌,阮美娟.黑豆提取物抗氧化性的研究[J].食品科技,2007,36(3):123-125．
[8]刘晓芳,徐利,刘娜,等.黑芝麻和黑豆色素提取物对急性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2008,14(5):68-70.
[9] Tilak J C, Devasagayam T P A, Banerjee M. Differential antioxidant effects of plumbagin in rattissues[J]. BARC Newslett,2002,225:117-129.
[10] Zhao T J, Zhong Z G, Fang Z, et a1. Experimental study on extract of Plumbago zeylanica on micehepatic injury induced by Cl4[J]. J Guangxi Coil Tradit Chin Med,2004,7(4):43-45.
[11]汪德清,丁保国,马艳青,等.黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致小鼠肝损伤防护作用的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(7):483-486.
[12]凌洪锋,苏丹,曹洋.黄芪多糖抗氧化作用研究[J].医学理论与实践,2005,18(8):872-874.
[13]赵丽娟,李红,杨世杰.黄芪注射液对D-半乳糖胺所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2003,9(3):280-282.
[14]吴望明,吴应建.赤芍总苷对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究[J].湖南中医杂志,2004,20(3):68-69.
[15]吕跃山,邢杰,陈英利,等.黄芪赤芍对小鼠免疫性肝损伤抗氧化作用的实验研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(2):302-303.
[16]姚会枝,李吉学,郑海娜.冬凌草提取物对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响[J].解放军药学学报,2009,25(5):377-379.
[17] Dien M V, Takahashi K, Mu M M, et a1. Protective effect of wogonin on endotoxin-induced lethalshock in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice[J]. Microbiol Immunol,2001,45(11):751-756.
[18] Nose M, Terawaki K, Jwahashi N, et a1. Comparative study of the high molecular mass fraction andlow molecular mass fraction of shosaiko-to in a murine immunologically induced liver injury model[J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2002,25(1):64-67.
[19] Harish R, Shivanandappa T. Antioxidant activity and heptoprotective potential of Phyilanthas niruri[J].Food chem,95:180-185.
[20]康辉,李强,王丽.黄芩提取物、黄芩苷抗氧化和保肝作用研究[J].中医研究,2010,23(4):27-30.
[21] Rich-Evans C A, Miller N J, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic Acids[J]. Free Rad Biol Med,1996,20(7):933-937.
[22] Park S W, Lee C H, Kim Y S, et a1. Protective effect of baicalin against carbon tetrachloride inducedacute hepatic injury in mice[J]. J Pharmacol Sci,2008,106:136-143.
[23] Hwang J M, Wang C J, Chou F P, et al. Protective effect of baicalin on hydroperoxide-induced rathepatotoxicity [J]. Arch Toxicol,2005,79:102-109.
[24]李素婷,扬鹤梅,周晓慧.黄芩茎叶总黄酮对原代培养大鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(3):0586-0587.
[25]罗德生,郑红花,罗丽丹,等.黄芩煎剂对四氯化碳致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J].陕西中医,2004,25(2):184-185.
[26]龚争,程郁昕,章敏,等.黄芩甙对肝损伤小鼠肝抗氧化功能影响的研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(1):5-8.
[27]陈忻,赵晖,张楠,等.黄芩苷对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2006,22(3):39-40.
[28] Shin J, Cho H, Hwang S W, et a1. Bradykinin-12-lipoxygenase-VRl signaling pathway forinflammatory hyperalgesia[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002,99(15):10150-10155.
[29]刘建新,汪秀荣,张文平,等.黄芩苷元对四氯化碳诱导小鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2008,24(1):25-27.
[30]王丽霞,刘安军,舒嫒,等.山药蛋白多糖体外抗氧化作用的研究[J].现代生物医学进展,2008,8(2):242-245.
[31]刘伟萍,金国平,陈培波,等.山药水提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的改善作用[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2008,43(5):885-888.
[32]孙设宗,唐微,张红梅,等.山药多糖对小鼠CCl4肝损伤的保护作用[J].郧阳医学院学报,2008,27(6):502-504.
[33]郑洁静,续洁琨,江涛,等.藤茶总黄酮对拘束负荷引起小鼠肝损伤的保护作用[J].中国药理学通报,2006,22(10):1249-53.
[34]梁向明,周芹,大谷晴久.乌药叶茶的抗氧化作用研究[J].卫生研究,2006,35(5):636-638.
[35]顾莉蕴,罗琼,肖梅,等.乌药叶总黄酮的抗氧化作用及对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用[J].中药新药与临床药理,2008,19(6):447-450
[36]陈百泉,刘瑜新,康文艺.人工栽培肉苁蓉保肝和抗氧化活性研究[J].精细化工,2010,27(4):342-345.
[37] Yue S M, Kang W Y. Lowering blood lipid and hepatoprotective activity of amentoflavone fromSelaginella tamariscina in vivo[J]. J Med Plant Res,2011,5(14):3007-3014.
[38]《中华本草编委会主编》,中华本草(第六卷)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社:1999.
[39] Kang W Y, Li C F, Liu Y X. Antioxidant phenolic compounds and flavonoids of Mitragynarotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze in vitro[J]. Med Chem Res,2010,19(9):1222-1232.
[40] Kang W Y, Wang J M. In vitro antioxidant properties and in vivo lowering blood lipid of Forsythiasuspense leaves [J]. Med Chem Res,2010,19(7):617-628.
[41] Gong F, Yin Z H, Xu Q T, Kang W Y. Hepatoprotective effect of Mitragyna rotundifolia Kuntze onCCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice [J]. Afric J Pharm Pharmacol,2012,6(5):330-335.
[42]王宪泽.生物化学实验技术原理和方法[M].中国农业出版社,2002:110-111.
[43]徐萍,刘华屏.常用的急性肝损伤动物模型[J].中国病理生理学杂志,1995,11(4):447-448.
[44]于强,于洋.肝损伤动物模型及中药治疗研究概况[J].中国现代中药,2006,8(11):25.
[45]李彩芳,宋艳丽,刘瑜新,等.珍珠菜的抗氧化活性[J].精细化工,2008,25(12):1191-1193.
[46] Kang D G, Yun C K, Lee H S. Screening and comparison of antioxidant activity of solvent extracts ofherbal medicines used in Korea[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2003,87:231-236.
[47]田景奎,邹忠梅,刘安,等.黄莲花化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(4):283-284.
[48] Huang X A, Liang Y J, Cai X L, et al. Four new cytotoxic oligosaccharidic derivatives of12-oleanenefrom Lysimachia heterogenea Klatt [J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2009,19(23):6515-6518.
[49] Li H Y, Hao Z B, Wang X L, et al. Antioxidant activities oextracts and fractions from Lysimachiafoenum-graecum Hance [J]. Bioresource Technol,2009,100(2):970-974.
[50] Huang H L, Xu B, Duan C S. Free radical scavenging activities and principals of Lysimachiachristinae Hance [J]. Food Sci,2006,27(10):183-188.
[51] Ding L F, Ma Y H, Wu X D, et al. Chemical Constituents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby[J]. Nat ProdRes Dev,2010,10(10):984-986.
[1]程振天,袁祥萍,张心中.糖尿病药物治疗研究进展[J].医学综述,2003,9(10):627.
[2] Inove S, Tsuruoka T, Niida T. The structure of nojirimycin, α-piperidinose sugar antibiotic[J]. JAntibiot,1966,19:288-291.
[3] Niwa T, Tsuruoka T, Goi H, et a1. Novel glycosidase inhibitors nojirimycin B and D-mannonic-delta-lactam. Isolation, structure determination and biological property[J]. J Antibiot,1984,37(3):1579-1581.
[4] Schmidt DD, Frommer W, Junge B, et a1. a-Glucosidase inhibitors. New complex oligosaccharides ofmicrobial origin [J]. Naturwissenschaften,1977,64(6):535-536.
[5] Martin AE, Montgomery PA. Acarbose: an alpha glucosidase inhibitor[J]. Am J Health Syth Pharm,1996,53(19):2277-2290.
[6]郎国竣,杨赞,高菊芳.微生物源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的分离纯化及结构鉴定[J].化学与生物工程,2007,24(10):38-40.
[7] Asanon, Nash RJ, Molyneuxc RJ, et a1. Sugar-mimic glycosidase inhibitors: natural occurrence,biological activity and prospects for therapeutic application[J]. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry,2000,1l(1):1645-1680.
[8]雷晓燕.微生物转化法在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用研究[D].沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2000.
[9]曹乃锋,李元元,崔维恒,等.桂花(晚银桂、窈窕淑女和贵妃红) a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性[J].河南大学学报(医学版),2010,29(1):21-23.
[10]康文艺,张东娣,刘瑜新,等.七种菊花对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性[J].精细化工,2009,26(4):351-354.
[11]康文艺,张丽,宋艳丽.滇丁香中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4):406-409.
[12]康文艺,张丽,宋艳丽.茜草抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,32(5):1104-1107.
[13]张丽,李晓梅,李彩芳,等.加拿大蓬α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究[J].河南大学学报:医学版.2008,27(4):39-41.
[14] Shinde J, Taldone T, Barletta M, et a1. a-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini(Linn.)Skeels seed kernel in vitro and in Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats [J]. Carbohyd Res,2008,22(343):1278-1281.
[15] Gao H, Huang Y N, Xu P Y, et al. Inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase by the fruits of TermindiachebulaRetz[J]. Food Chem,2007,12(105):628-634.
[16] Luo J G, Ma L, kong L Y. New triterpenoid saponins with strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity fromthe roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana[J]. Bioorgan Med Chem,2008,16(3):2912-2920.
[17] Gao H, Huang Y N, Gao B, et a1. α-glucosidase inhibitory effect by the f lower buds of Tussilagofarara L[J]. Food Chem,2008,32(106):1195-1201.
[18] Rao S A, Srinivas P V, Tiwari A K, et a1. Isolation，characterization and chemobiologicalquantification of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory and free radical scavenging constituents from Derrisscandens Benth [J]. J Chromatogr B,2007,8(55):166-172.
[19] Schafer A, Hsgger P. Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol)effectively inhibit α-glucosidase[J]. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2007,7(77):41-46.
[20] Mbaze L M, Herve Poumale M P, Duplex W J, et a1. D-Glucosidase inhibi tory pentacyclic triterpenesfrom the stembark of Fagara tessmannii(Rutaceae)[J]. Phytochemistry,2007,6(68):591-595.
[21]吴酬飞,许杨,李燕萍. α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂筛选模型的研究进展[J].国际药学研究杂志,2008,35(1):9-12.
[22]劳凤云,吴少杰,杨志娟,等.海洋微生物代谢产物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性及抑制类型[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(11):2098-2100.
[23]张哲,王曼,尹鸿萍,等.螺旋藻中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取及动力学[J].生物加工过程,2008,6(3):39-43.
[24] Honma A, Koyama T, Yazawa K. Antihyperglycemic effects of Japanese maple Acer amoenum leafextract and its constituent corilagin[J]. J Wood Sci,2010,5(56):507–512
[25] Kunihisa Iwai. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Polyphenols in Brown Alga Eckloniastolonifera in Genetically Diabetic KK-Ay Mice[J]. Plant Foods Hum Nutr,2008,6(63):163-169.
[26] Vessal M, Hemmati M, Vasei M. Antidiabetic effects of quercetin in streptozocin-induced diabeticrats[J]. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol,2003,5(135):357-364.
[27] Kumarappan C, Mandal S C. a-Glucosidase inhibitory activity and in vitro antioxidant activities ofalcohol-water extract (AWE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens leaves[J]. Med Chem Res,2008,6(17):219-233.
[28] Azuma K, Minami Y, Ippoushi K, et al. Lowering effects of onion intake on oxidative stressbiomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr,2007,4(40):131-140.
[29] EI-Demerdash FM, Yousef M I, Abou E N N I. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects ononion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats[J]. Food Chem Toxicol,2005,4(43):57-63.
[30] Lee SK, Hwang JY, Kang MJ, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of onion skin extract in animal models ofdiabetes mellitus[J]. Food Sci Biotechnol.2008,7(17):130-134.
[31] Rigelsky JM, Sweet BV. Hawthorn, pharmacology and therapeutic uses[J]. Am J Health-Syst. Ph.2002,5(59):417-422.
[32] Kim M H, Jo S H, Jang H D, et al. Antioxidant Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential ofOnion (Allium cepa L.) Extracts[J]. Food Sci Biotechnol,2010,19(1):159-164.
[33] Ananthan R, Latha M, Pari L, et al. Effect of Gymnema montanum on blood glucose, plasma insulin,and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats[J]. J Med Food,2003,6(1):43-49.
[34] Ananthan R, Latha M, Ramkumar KM, et al. Effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on serum andtissue lipids in alloxan diabetic rats[J]. Exp Diabesity Res,2003,4(3):183-189.
[35] Ramkumar KM, Rajaguru P, Latha M, et al. Ethanol extract of Gymnema montanum leaves reducesglycoprotein components in experimental diabetes[J]. Nutr Res,2007,27(2):97-103.
[36] Ramkumar KM, Rajaguru P, Latha M, et al. Amelioration of metabolic complications associated withdiabetes by Gymnema montanum in alloxan induced rats. Recent progress in medicinal plants[J]. NatProd,2007,18(2):319-338.
[37] Ramkumar KM, Rajaguru P, Latha M, et al. Effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on red blood cellresistance to oxidative stress in experimental diabetes[J]. Cell Biol Toxicol,2008,24(3):233-241.
[38] Ramkumar KM, Vijayakumar RS, Ponmanickam P, et al. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Gymnemamontanum: a study on lipid profile and fatty acid composition in experimental diabetes[J]. Basic ClinPharmacol Toxicol,2008,103(6):538-545.
[39] Ramkumar K M, Thayumanavan B, Palvannan T, et al. Inhibitory effect of Gymnema Montanumleaves on a-glucosidase activity and a-amylase activity and their relationship with polyphenoliccontent[J]. Med Chem Res,2010,19(11):948-961.
[40] Hogan S, Zhang L, Li J, et al. Antioxidant rich grape pomace extract suppresses postprandialhyperglycemia in diabetic mice by specifically inhibiting alpha-glucosidase[J]. Nutr Metab,2010,7(1):71.
[41]王波,刘衡川,鞠长燕,攀枝花地区野生番石榴叶不同提取物降血糖作用研究[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2005,36(6):858-861.
[42] Gutierrez RM, Mitchell S, Solis RV. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistryand pharmacology[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2008,117(3):1-27.
[43] Yoshikawa M, Morikawa T. Absolute stereostructure of potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor,salacinol,with unique thiosugar sulfonium sulfate inner salt structure from Salacia peticulata[J]. Bioorg MedChem,2002,10(5):1547-1554.
[44] Gruillot R, Ogneva V, Hadjiisky P, et al. Effect of long term treatment with a purified micronizedflavonoid fraction on pancreatic mononuclear cell infiltration in diabetic BB rats[J]. Pancreas1998,17(3):301-308.
[45] Su H C, Hung L M, Chen J K. Resveratrol, a red wine antioxidant, possesses an insulin-like effect instreptozotoein-induced diabetic rats[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2006,290(3):1339.
[46]李晓媛,胡桂雨,王碧川,等.白藜芦醇对大鼠α-葡萄糖苷酶活性影响[J].华北煤炭医学院学报,2010,12(1):11-12.
[47]全吉淑,尹学哲,柳明洙,等.大豆异黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的研究[J],中草药,2005,36(9):1377-1379.
[48] Quan J S, Yin X Z, Jin M, et a1. Effects of soybean hypoeotyl extract on blood sugar, blood lipid andlipid peroxides in diabetic rats[J]. J Med Sci YanMan Univ,2001,24(4):243-244.
[49]全吉淑,尹学哲,金明,等.大豆皂苷对葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的研究[J].中药材,2003,26(9):654-656.
[50]全吉淑,尹学哲,田中真实,等.大豆胚轴提取物的降糖作用及其机制研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(3):207-210.
[51]田风胜，李振彬,王元松,等.大黄对糖尿病大鼠血管病变保护机制的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(6):672-675.
[52]万牛芳,文润花.掌叶大黄提取物对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛索抵抗的实验研究[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2007,16(12):1606-1607.
[53]李道中.掌叶大黄多糖对高血糖小鼠及正常小鼠的降糖作用[J].中国医院药学杂志,2007,27(3):309-310.
[54]张海凤,董亚琳,胡萨萨,等.5种中药对两种不同来源α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用比较[J].中药材,2008,31(7):1124-1127.
[55]张海凤,董亚琳,刘琳娜,等.大黄多糖对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制作用[J].医药导报,2010,29(8):985-989.
[56]王钦茂,洪浩,赵帜平,等.丹皮多糖-2b对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型的作用及其降糖作用机制[J].中国药理学通报,2002,18(4):456-459.
[57]王钦茂,刘超,赵帜平,等.丹皮多糖降血糖有效成分的筛选及其作用研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2001,7(5):18-21.
[58]戴玲,赵帜平,沈业寿,等.丹皮多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶作用的影响[J].生物学杂志,2006,23,(2):23-24.
[59]钟正贤,周桂芬,陈学芬,等.黄杞总黄酮的实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2000,11(6):495-496.
[60]许睿,郑作文,韦松.毛叶黄杞总黄酮降血糖作用的实验研究[J].中成药,2007,29(7)：1068-1069.
[61]李晨岚,王大鹏,蔡兵扩,等.黄杞叶提取物降血糖作用的研究[J].中草药,2008,39(11):1696-1698.
[62]张素军,瞿伟菁,周淑云.蒺藜皂苷对大鼠小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(11):910-913.
[63]李明娟,瞿伟菁,褚书地,等.蒺藜水煎剂对小鼠糖代谢中糖异生的作用[J].中药材,200l,24(8):586.
[64]褚书地,瞿伟菁,逄秀凤,等.蒺藜皂苷对高脂血症的影响[J].中药材,2003,26(5):341.
[65] Kang W Y, Song Y L, Zhang L. a-Glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant properties and antidiabeticactivity of Hypericum ascyron L[J]. Med Chem Res,2011,20(7):809–816.
[66] Li Y Y, Li C Q, Xu Q T, Kang W Y. Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro andalloxan-induced diabetic rats’ protective effect of Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. root[J]. J Med PlantsRes,2011,5(14):3321-3328
[67]齐柳娅,郁建平,田晶,等.追风伞总黄酮抗风湿活性的研究[J].中药新药与临床药理,2010,21(4):369-372.
[68] Candlish J K, Das N P. Antioxidants in food and chronic degenerative diseases[J]. Biomed EnvironSci,1996,9(23):117-123.
[69]叶于薇,仲伟鉴,董妙珠,等.氧化应激在糖代谢紊乱中的作用[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2000,12(1):8-10.
[70] Gao H, Huang Y N, Gao B, et al. α-glucosidase inhibitory effect by the flower buds of Tussilagofarfara L[J]. Food Chem,2008,106(1):1195-1201.
[71]马永雷,张雨青,周丽霞,等.桑枝皮醇提物的抗氧化和对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制作用[J].蚕业科学,2010,36(1):143-147.
[72]刘春艳,孟爱国,詹欢. α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂Radicamine A的初步研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2010,32(3):369-371.
[1]郭宝林,肖培根,杨世林.中国珍珠菜属植物用药种类和研究概况[J].国外医药·植物药分册,1995,10(4):159.
[2] Kitagawa I, Matsuda A, Nishimura T, et al. Comparative study on the sapogenin constituents of fiveprimulaceous plants[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1967,15(9):1435-1437.
[3] Yasukawa K, TakidoM.Studies on the chemical constituents of genus Lysimachia I.on the whole parts ofLysimachia japonica Thumb and Lysimachia clethroides Duby[J]. Yakugaku Zasshi,1986,106(10):939-941.
[4] Kim J S, Kim H J, Park H.Studies on the chemical constituents of Lysimachia clethroides[J]. YakhakHoechi,1993,37(4):325-328.
[5] Ren F Z, Qie J K, Qu H H, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Lysimachia clethroidesDuby[J]. Pharm J Chin Peoples Liber Army,2001,17(4):178-180.
[6] Jiang Y, Li P, Li S P, et al. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction of five major flavanoids fromLysimachia clethroide [J]. J Pharmaceut Biomed,2007,43(1):341-345.
[7] Ding L F, Guo Y D, WU X D, et al. Chemical constituents of flavonoids in Lysimachia clethroide[J].Chin Tradit Pat Med,2010,32(5):827-831.
[8] Li S H, Xiang Q L. Studies on the chemical constituents of Lysimachia paridiformis var. stenophylla[J].Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,2010,41(6):881-883.
[9] Zou H Y, Tu P F. Studies on chemical constituents of Lysimachia clethroides[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,2009,40(5):704-708.
[10] Xu Q M, Tang L H, Li X, et al. Isolation and identification of3-O-p-coumaroyloxyl pentacyclictriterpenoids from Lysimachia clethroides Duby [J]. Chin Pharm J,2010,45(11):825-828.
[11] Din L F, Guo Y D, Wu X D, et al. Studies on lignans of Lysimachia clethroide Duby bysemipreparative RP-HPLC [J]. J Kunming Univ,2009,31(3):42-43,52.
[12]卢海啸,倪林,李树华,等.三桠苦叶的化学成分研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2012,29(1):56-58.
[13]姚巍,林文艳,周长新,等.蒙古蒲公英化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(10):926-929.
[14]龚小见,周欣,赵超,等.马兰中的三萜类成分[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(3):327-330.
[15]曹百一,刘润祥,王晶,等.栀子根化学成分的分离与鉴定[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2011,28(10):784-787.
[16] Ding L F, Ma Y H, Wu X D, et al. Chemical Constituents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby[J]. Nat ProdRes Dev,2010,10(10):984-986.
[17] Kang W Y, Wang J M. In vitro antioxidant properties and in vivo lowering blood lipid of Forsythiasuspense leaves[J]. Med Chem Res,2010,19(10):617-628.
[18]康文艺,李彩芳,王丽.蝉翼藤抗氧化黄酮成分研究[J].中国中药杂志[J],2008,33(16):1982-1985.
[19] Kang W Y, Song Y L, Zhang L. a-Glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant properties and antidiabeticactivity of Hypericum ascyron L [J]. Med Chem Res,2011,20:809-816.
[20]康文艺,张丽,宋艳丽.滇丁香中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4):406.
[21]肖崇厚,杨松松.中药化学[M].上海科学技术出版社,494-500.
[22] D’Auria M, Mauriello G, Rana GL. Volatile organic compounds from saffron[J]. Flavour Fragr J,2004,19:17-23.
[23]朱凯,王庆六,聂昕.灵香草精油化学成分研究[J].林产化学与工业,1995,15(1):73-76.
[24]朱凯,毛连山,朱新宝.超临界CO2萃取灵香草精油及其化学成分研究[J].精细化工,2005,(9):681-684.
[25]莫彬彬,余德顺,李典鹏,等.广西灵香草提取物的化学成分研究及香气评价[J].香料香精化妆品,2004,(1):5-7.
[26]黄琼,田玉红,李志华.不同方法提取灵香草挥发油的比较研究[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(4):944-946.
[27]刘国声,周银珍,罗萌,等.广东灵香草挥发油成分研究[J].药物分析杂志,1986,6(6):333-335.
[28]龚复俊,王有为.广西灵香草挥发油化学成分[J].植物资源与环境学报,2004,13(3):59-61.
[29]袁萍,袁晓.灵香草净油化学成分分析及杀虫活性组分的应用研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(4):417-420.
[30]丁智慧,丁靖皑,易元芬,等.细梗香草的挥发油成分[J].云南植物研究,1989,11(2):209-214.
[31]丁智慧,和韵苹,丁靖垲.小果香草的化学成分[J].云南植物研究,1993,15(2):201-210.
[32]周欣,梁光义,王道平,等.追风伞挥发油的化学成分研究[J].色谱,2002,20(3):286-288.
[34]倪士峰,傅承新,吴平,等.点腺过路黄挥发油气相色谱-质谱研究[J].分析化学,2004,32(1):123.
[35] D tterl S, Sch ffler I. Flower Scent of Floral Oil-Producing Lysimachia punctata as Attractant for theOil-Bee Macropis fulvipes[J]. J Chem Ecol,2007,33(2):441-445.
[36]石磊,姬志强,康文艺.顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析露珠珍珠菜挥发性成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(7):77-79.
[37]黄娴.采用气相色谱-质谱分析法对金钱草挥发性应用研究[J].按摩与康复医学,2011,2(2):42-97.
[38]周凌波.金钱草挥发性化学成分分析[J].广西科学院学报,2010,26(3):221-222.
[39]刘广军,刘建勇.腺药珍珠菜挥发性成分分析[J].济宁学院学报,2010,31(3):21-24.
[40] Kang W Y, Wang J M, Tian P Y. Composition of the essential oil of Lysimachia pentapetala flowers[J].Chem Nat Comp,2011,47(3):452-453.
[41] Wei J F, Zhang Q, Shang F D, et al. Composition of the essential oil of Lysimachia paridiformis[J].Chem Nat Comp,2011,47(3):454-455.
[42] Arthur CL, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silicaopticalfibers[J]. Anal Chem,1990,62(19):2145-2148.
[43]周珊,赵立文,马腾蛟,等.固相微萃取(SPME)技术基本理论及应用进展[J].现代科学仪器,2006,16(2):86-90.
[44]贾金平,何翊,黄俊雄.固相微萃取技术与环境样品前处理[J].化学进展,1998,10(1):74-83.
[45]康文艺,姬志强,王金梅,等.石韦叶挥发油成分HS-SPME-GC-MS分析[J].中草药,2008,39(7):994-995.
[46]中草药信息中心医药管理.植物药有效成分手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,182,373
[47]江苏,丁亚明.柠檬烯的应用及橙皮中柠檬烯的实验室提取[J].职业技术,2007,6(16):64.
[48]王伟江.天然活性单萜—柠檬烯的研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2005,5(1):33-37.
[49]王雪梅,谌徽,李雪姣.天然活性单萜—柠檬烯的抑菌性能研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(1):24-28.
[50] State Drug Administration of Information Center of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. Handbookof Bioactive Compounds from Plant Drugs[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House,1986.135,165,182,373,669.
[51]孙文基,金房.天然活性成分简明手册[M].北京:中国医学科技出版社,1996.
［52］崔巍,黄葶,刘均利.棕榈酸抑制胰岛MIN6细胞生长的分子机制[J].细胞与分子免疫学杂志,2009,25(3):219.
［53］Small D M. The effects of glyceride structure on absorption and metabolism[J]. Annu Rev Nutr,1991,11(1):413.
［54］王红勇,桂全.抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的抗氧化效果观察[J].中国畜产与食品,1997,4(5):200.
［55］陆豫,甘利军,陈葆仁. L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的合成[J].精细化工,1996,13(3):17.
[56] Zhao X Y, Ma Y. The Advancement of Linolenic Acid [J]. China Food Additives,2004,1(5):27-29.
[57]高向东,吴梧桐.当归及其成分阿魏酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1994,15(2):107.
[58]庄淑平,玲玲.丁香醇治癣[J].中医外治杂志,2004,13(5):54.
[59]孙文基,金房.天然活性成分简明手册[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1998.410-432.