摘要
作为智能CAD系统的核心，以产品设计自动化和智能化为目的的设计型专家系统已经得到迅速发展，但仍存在许多有待探讨的问题。对智能设计知识建模方法、知识使用方法进行研究，使系统能够在设计信息不完整、不确定的情况下展开设计过程，是本文的主要工作。另外，本文也研究了产品的优化设计方法和设计方案的综合评价方法。
本文以继电器产品为研究对象。在产品设计、优化、评价三方面的主要工作如下：
(1)在知识表示方面，针对设计过程和设计对象的知识表示，提出了基于设计模式的设计模型(Design Mode-Oriented Model，DMOM)以及与DMOM相适应的三种设计对象模型(概念模型)：产品的功能模型、参数化模型和实例模型。
(2)在知识利用方面，基于上述概念模型，提出了展开产品设计过程的三种模式：功能模式、参数化模式、实例模式；研究了基于设计模式的系统推理方法和控制策略：根据用户的设计要求，从不同的切入点出发，在不同的设计模式下求解设计问题。
(3)针对参数化模型，提出了特征模型的概念，以及在特征模型指导下分别基于贴近度和隶属度进行产品选型设计的模糊算法及其混合算法；在前人研究结果的基础上，确定了规则集的冲突判决策略和带有区间约束的产品设计参数的模糊决策方法。
(4)针对实例模型，定义了设计问题与各实例之间的模糊相似度，提出了综合考虑产品各种设计特征的实例检索和匹配方法。该方法对于语值属性和数值属性并存、模糊设计参数和精确设计参数并存的实例推理都适用。
(5)在机器学习方面，提出了“聚类分析／基于实例的推理—机器学习—模糊识别(Clustering Analysis／Case-base Reasoning-Machine Learning-Fuzzy Recognition，C／CMR)”联合策略。在系统的开发和使用阶段，该策略可确定参数化模型的结构，进行产品的结构设计。另外，基于对产品类型的层次划分，提出了用于对产品数值属性进行权重分配的“类间标准差分配法”。
(6)采用“遗传算法+单纯形法”的混合遗传算法(HGA)，用于产品的优化设计。
(7)在产品设计方案的评价方面，建立了多目标、多层次综合评价指标体系；应用聚类分析理论，建立表征不同等级产品的标准模型；采用基于模糊识别原理的评判方法，建立“评价对象→标准模型→模糊评语”的两级映射，给出了相关的映射方法以及由模糊映射规则所诱导的模糊变换。
As a core of Intelligent CAD, the design-oriented expert system aimed at automation and intelligent designing has been quick developing although there still are some problems to be discussed solved. Study on the methods of knowledge model establishing and knowledge processing and on the designing for system under conditions of partial and uncertain design information consist of the main part of this work. Also studied is on application technology of optimizing and comprehensive evaluating for products' design.
This work takes the relay products as the object to study, the flowing three aspects of product designing, optimizing and evaluating are the main part of this work:
(1) To the question of the methods for representing design procedures and objects, put forward Design Mode-Oriented model (DMOM) and three kinds of design object models (conceptual model) matched with DMOM: Functional model, Parametric model and Case model.
(2) In the knowledge utilizing, based on the above conceptual models, three modes are given as Functional mode, Parametric mode and Case mode. The system inference methods and control strategies based on the design modes are studied to solve the design problems with different design modes according to users' design requirements.
(3) For Parametric model, put forward the conception of Feature model, as well as two fuzzy algorithms and a hybrid algorithm to design products under the guide of Feature models based on the closeness and membership degree is given. At the same time, conflict resolution strategy for rule set and fuzzy decision method with product design parameters subjected to range.
(4) For Case model, it gives the definition to the similarity degree between the design problem and case and the method to index and match cases based on the comprehensive consideration of various design characteristics of products. This method is suitable for CBR when functional, behavioral, structural and parametric attributes or fuzzy and exact design parameters coexist in design problem.
(5) In machine learning, Clustering analysis/Case-base reasoning- machine learning- fuzzy recognition(C/CMR) is put forward to determine the Parametric model or implement the structure design during the period of the system developing or utilizing. In addition, a new method to distributing weights to products parametric attributes is given based on the level dividing of products types.
(6) The using of hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA), which hybridizes Genetic Algorithm and Simplex algorithm is to study the optimizing method to design products.
(7) Multi-objects and multi-level index system is established for evaluating the product's design scheme. The method of establishing Standard models which are representative of different grades product by clustering analysis and the validity of clustering are discussed. At the same time, by using the evaluation method based on the fuzzy recognition theory, the two level mapping of from objects evaluated to Standard model and from Standard model to fuzzy comment is set up and fuzzy transform induced from fuzzy mapping rules and relative mapping methods are given too.
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