摘要
为了探讨植物修复在农药污染土壤中的可能性,本文以黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)、苦荬菜(Lxeris sonchifolia Hance)、绿豆(Vignarodiata Wilczek)为材料,通过盆栽试验和培养试验研究了三种植物对敌草隆降解的影响及其影响因素。主要研究结果如下:
1、在含1-2 mg/kg敌草隆的土壤上种植黑麦草、苦荬菜、绿豆30-60d后,土壤中的敌草隆残留量降低了30.56%-72.21%,且种植绿豆后敌草隆降解效果好于种植黑麦草的效果,而种植苦荬菜的效果低于其他植物的效果。
2、种植植物30-60 d后土壤微生物数量和微生物生物量碳均显著高于对照(P＜0.05)。种植绿豆后土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌微生物数量最多,种植黑麦草的次之,种植苦荬菜的土壤微生物数量最少。
3、在土壤中加入1-2 mg/kg敌草隆15 d后,根际土壤中敌草隆的残留量显著低于土体的残留量(P＜0.05),并且,随着培养时间的推迟根际土壤中敌草隆的残留量不断减少而土壤微生物数量有增加的趋势。敌草隆在绿豆根际土壤中的残留量最少,黑麦草的次之、苦荬菜的最高。灭菌后根际土壤中敌草隆的残留量大幅度增加。在敌草隆降解过程中,敌草隆残留量与根际微生物数量的对数呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)。
4、在含1 mg/kg敌草隆的土壤中加入根系分泌物15 d后,土壤中敌草隆的残留量显著低于对照。根系分泌物对土壤中敌草隆降解的影响与分泌物的组成有关。绿豆根系分泌物中的水溶性氮化合物和碳水化合物丰富、C/N较低,加入到含敌草隆的土壤中后,土壤微生物大量繁殖,使敌草隆的残留量显著低于其他植物的残留量。相反,苦荬菜分泌的碳水化合物和水溶性含氮化合物较少,分泌物对土壤微生物活动及敌草隆降解的作用较弱。
5、虽然自然阳光照射条件下敌草隆的草酸-铁能加快敌草隆的降解,但是,在黑暗条件下在草酸-铁溶液中敌草隆没有发生明显的降解。
To explore phytoremediation potentiality of soils polluted by herbicide, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) , lxeris (Lxeris sonchifolia Hance) and mungbean (Vigna radiata Wilczek) were used for investigating the effects of plantation of these crops on the degradation of diuron by pot experiment method and incubation experiment method. The main results were as followed:
1. After cultivation of these plants in soils contained 1-2 mg/kg diuron for 30-60 days, the residue of diuron reduced by 30.56%-72.21%. Moreover, the effect of planting mungbean on degradation of diuron was more significantly than that in ryegrass, while the effect in lxeris was not significantly as in ryegrass and mungbean.
2. After planting for 30-60 days, the amount of both microorganism and microbial biomass C were higher than that in control soil notably (P<0.05 ) . The population of microorganisms was the most in mungbean planting soil, next in ryegrass planting soil, and the least in lxeris planting soil.
3. After the addition of l-2mg/kg diuron to the soils for 15 days, the residues of diuron in rhizosphere soil were all less than that in bulk soil notably (P<0.05) , Furthermore, as time was delayed, the residue of diuron in rhizosphere soil was reducing constantly. However, the population of microorganism had an increasing trend. The residue of diuron in mungbean rhizosphere soil was the least, next was ryegrass, and the most was lxeris. Furthermore, the diuron residue increased sharply after sterilization. During the degradation process, there was a notably negative relationship between the logarithm of the microorganisms population and the residues of diuron in soil (P<0.01) .
4. After the addition of root exudates to the soils contained 1 mg/kg diuron for fifteen days, the residue of diuron in soil was notably lower than that in the control. The effect of root exudates on degradation of diuron in soil was impacted by the components of the exudates. In the root exudates of mungbean, the contents of water-soluble nitrogen and carbohydrate were higher and C/N was lower. After adding the root exudates of mungbean into soil contained diuron, the microorganisms population increased in a large amount, which resulted in notably lower residue of diuron than that in soils contained lxeris and ryegrass root exudates . On the contrary, there were few carbohydrate and water-soluble nitrogen in lxeris root exudates, so its effect on microorganism activity and diuron degradation was insignificant.
5. The photochemistry degradation of diuron in oxalic acid-Fe system could be observed in natural light condition, while the degradation of diuron could not detected without irradiation.
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