摘要
本论文针对国内助剂发展的现状，制备出增效作用显著、安全性高的甲酯化大豆油助剂，初步确定其增效作用机制及其推广用量，并探索了其对除草剂活性的影响。
本研究采用正交试验设计优化甲酯化大豆油制备工艺条件。结果表明：甲酯化大豆油制备的最佳工艺条件是：醇油摩尔比6：1，KOH-甲醇浓度0.4mol/L，反应温度65℃，反应时间1小时。
采用盆栽试验探索甲酯化大豆油助剂中乳化剂含量与种类变化对其增效作用的影响以及喷液量与甲酯化大豆油增效作用间的关系。结果表明：甲酯化大豆油中加入乳化剂后，其增效作用增强，但当乳化剂含量超过一定量时，对甲酯化大豆油增效作用影响变化不显著；甲酯化大豆油中加入的乳化剂种类不同对其增效作用影响不大；当甲酯化大豆油助剂用量为2.3L/ha时，随着喷液量的增加，增效作用下降；当甲酯化大豆油助剂用量为喷液量的1％时，随着喷液量的增加，增效作用增加。
采用田间小区试验探索甲酯化大豆油助剂浓度与其增效作用间的关系，以及甲酯化大豆油对除草剂活性与作物安全性的影响；结果表明：在一定范围内，随着甲酯化大豆油助剂浓度的增加，其增效作用也增加；甲酯化大豆油助剂对磺草酮(sulcotrione 2-(2-氯-4-甲磺酰苯甲酰)环己酮-1,3-二酮)、阿特拉津(atrazine 2-氯-4--乙胺基-6-异丙胺基-均-三氮苯)、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron 1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-3-(3-乙基磺酰基-2-吡啶磺酰基)脲)、杀草灵、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen 5-(2-氯-α,α,α-三氟对甲苯氧基)-N-甲磺酰基-二-硝基苯甲酰胺)、稀禾定(sethoxydim 2-[1-(乙氧基亚氨基)丁基]-5-[2-(乙硫基)丙基)-3-羟基-2-环已烯-1-酮)均有一定增效作用，增效幅度与安全性因除草剂的用量、种类不同而异。
除草剂以磺草酮(300g a.i./ha)为代表，进行了溶液中添加甲酯化大豆油助剂浓度与溶液表面张力的相关性试验。结果表明：甲酯化大豆油能显著降低溶液的表面张力，这表明甲酯化大豆油能降低喷雾溶液表面张力，这是其增效作用机制之一。
We synthesized methylated soybean oil which increased herbicides activity and safety to crops as spray adjuvant (MVO) according as status of spray adjuvant developing in China. We explored its synergism mechanism and ascertain its applied dosage and explored the influenced of methylated soybean oil to herbicides phytotoxicity.
The optimum technological conditions of synthesis methylated soybean oil were determined by orthogonal experiments. The result indicated that the optimum technological conditions is as follows: the molar proportion of methyl and oil alcohol is 6:1, the concentration of catalyst and methyl alcohol is 0.4mol/L, temperature of reaction is 65 'C, time of reaction is 1 hour.
We explored the influence of different emulsifier amount and species in MSO adjuvant and different spray volume to synergism of MVO by pot test. The result indicated that the synergism increased after plus emulsifier to MVO. The synergism will not changed when emulsifier amount over a certain quantity. And there are no distinct changes of synergism when emulsifier species change. The synergism of MVO decreased with the spray volume increased when the dosage of MVO at 2.3L/ha, and the synergism of MVO increased with the spray volume increased when the dosage of MVO at 1% of spray volume.
Field experiments were conducted with sulcotrione and shacaoling to determine synergism of MVO at different concentration and were conducted to determine the influence of MVO to several herbicides activity. The result indicated that the synergism increased with MVO concentration increased. There are some influences of MVO to sulcotrione, arazine, rimsulfuron, shacaoling, fomemiclorac, sethoxydim. The extent of synergism is different with the different herbicides species and applied dosage.
We measure surface tension of sulcotrione(300g a.i./ha) solution with different MVO concentraton. The result indicated that the surface tension of solution distinct decreased after adding MVO. It indicated that the influence of MVO on surface tension is one of synergism mechanism.
引文
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