摘要
调压室中的水位波动以及压力管道水击压强的确定对调压系统的正确设计和确保电站调压系统的正常运行至关重要。调压系统的水力瞬变过程和计算一直是设计人员关注的重要问题。本文根据理论分析和模型试验相结合的方法，研究了阻抗式、简单式、尾水阻抗式和简单式、差动式调压室的水位波动过程和压力管道水击压强的计算方法。主要获得了以下成果：
1．根据调压室的基本微分方程，利用泰勒级数展开方法首次推导出了阻抗式、简单式、尾水阻抗式和简单式调压室水位波动的显式计算公式。
2．根据差动式调压室的基本微分方程，首次推导出了差动式调压室涌浪幅值的理论计算公式；并同样利用泰勒级数展开方法推导出了差动式调压室水位波动的显式计算式；导出了差动式调压室大井面积和有效阻抗孔面积的计算方法。
3．在WINDOWS环境下，使用VISUAL FORTRAN编译平台，从调压室的基本方程出发，采用四阶龙格库塔方法，用FORTRAN90语言编制了阻抗式、简单式及差动式调压室的水位波动计算程序。
西安理工大学硕士学位论文
一
4．从压力管道水力瞬变基本方程出发，利用特征线法求解了压力管
道水力瞬变的差分方程及边界条件。在 VISUAL FORTRAN编译平台上，
利用FORTRAN90语言编制了水电站复杂压力管道水力瞬变水击的数值
计算程序。
以上程序数据处理灵活、易于调用、便于掌握、计算速度快，与实
测值比较计算精度高。
5．结合青海地盘子水电站模型试验，利用重力相似和弹性波理论设
计了模型，参加了整个模型的制作、安装、调试和试验过程，进行了22
个工况的模型试验，撰写了试验报告。
The ascertainment of surges in surge tank and waterhammer pressure in pipe systems is the key point of the design of surge tanks and the safe function of the water power station. The hydraulic transient process and calculating have always been the problems regarded by the engineers. The surges in the throttled , simple , downriver throttled and simple and differential surge tanks and the calculating method of the waterhammer pressure in pipe systems have been studied through the theoretic analysis and experiments in the paper. The conclusions can be drown as :
1. The explicit method of calculating surges in throttled , simple and downriver throttled and simple surge tanks has been derived for the first time by use of Thaler Series Expansion from the basic formulation of surge tank.
2. The theoretic calculating method of the maximum and the minimum water level in the differential surge tank has been derived firstly . Also the explicit method of calculating surges in the differential surge tank has been deduced firstly by use of Thaler Series Expansion . The calculating method of section of the well and the effective impedance hole in the surge tank has been gived.
3. The paper makes out the calculating program of the surges in throttled .,
simple and differential surge tanks with the method of Runge-Kutta , FORTRAN 90 and the basic formulation of surge tank on the VISUAL FORTRAN background compiler.
4. The difference formulation and boundary condition have been gained by the method of characteristics and the hydraulic transient basic formulation. The FORTRAN 90 calculating program of the waterhammer pressure in intricate pipe systems of water power station has also been gived on the VISUAL FORTRAN background compiler.
The data processing of the program is flexible and prone to be transfer. The program is easy to be mastered and the calculating speed is fast. The precision of the program is pleased compared with the model test.
5. The model has been designed under the law of gravitational similitude and the elasticity wave. The writer participates in the execution . fixing and debugging of he model and the experimenting. The report of the experiment has been given.
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