摘要
随着人口的增长和经济的发展，沿海地区供需水矛盾日益突出，而地表水地下水联合调配是解决水资源紧缺的一个有效途径。为此，本文以地表水地下水联合优化调配为出发点，综述了国内外研究现状，从沿海缺水灌区地下水模拟模型、缺水灌区作物优化配水模型、地表水地下水联合调配耦合模型等方面对沿海缺水灌区地表水地下水联合调配理论及应用进行了系统深入的研究。主要内容包括：
(1)对沿海水资源和开发利用现状进行分析，给出了沿海缺水灌区水循环系统结构及循环的路径图和水循环概化图，建立沿海缺水灌区地下水模拟模型。
(2)以作物耗水规律、节水灌溉理论为依据，以充分利用降雨资源，节约水量，保证区域作物总体高产为原则，建立了缺水灌区作物优化配水模型。
(3)分析沿海缺水灌区作物优化配水中影响地下水动态变化的主要因素和地下水对作物优化配水约束的主要反馈因素，建立了缺水灌区地表水地下水联合调配耦合模型。
(4)利用混沌优化算法的遍历性，将人工鱼群算法和混沌优化算法结合对人工鱼群算法进行改进，提出了一种新的智能优化算法——混沌人工鱼群算法。
(5)研究了沿海缺水灌区地表水地下水联合调配耦合模型的求解方法，对于沿海缺水灌区地下水模拟子模型，采用陆面水量平衡和田间土壤水平衡方法计算降雨入渗和灌溉入渗，分析有限差分法求解模型的要点和步骤，用MODFLOW2000软件进行求解。对于缺水灌区作物优化配水子模型，利用混沌人工鱼群算法进行求解。然后，给出耦合模型的迭代求解步骤，在此基础上开发沿海缺水灌区地表水地下水联合调配管理信息系统。
(6)应用上述耦合模型对山东省威海市节水灌溉示范区进行了实证分析，得到2010年p=50％和p=75％降雨频率下地表水地下水联合调配方案，并对联合调配方案下地下水运动进行了模拟，对模拟结果进行了分析。
(7)综合理论和应用研究成果，给出了研究结论和需要进一步深入研究的问题。
With the increase of population and development of economy, the conflict between water supply and requirement is aggravating, and the integrated use of surface water and groundwater is an effective approach to solve the conflict. So the integrated use of surface water and groundwater as the main purpose in this paper, the research results at home and abroad were reviewed, and the theory and applying of groundwater simulation model in coastal water shortage irrigation, the model of optimization of water delivery for crops and the coupled model of surface water and groundwater and so on were researched. Study content including:
(1) The situation of water resource exploitation and utilization was analyzed. The path graph and generalization chart of water circulation for coastal water shortage irrigation was given, and groundwater simulation model was established.
(2) Based on the theory of water consumption of crops and water saving irrigation, and according to the principle of fully utilizing rainfall and crop high yielding, the model of optimal water delivery for crops in water storage irrigation was established.
(3) The coupling of optimization water delivery and groundwater and the coupled model for the integrated use of surface water and groundwater in coastal water shortage irrigation were analyzed.
(4) By making use of ergodicity of chaos optimization algorithm, the artificial fish swarm algorithm was improved by combining chaos optimization algorithm with artificial fish swarm algorithm, and obtain a new intelligent optimization method-chaos and artificial fish swarm algorithm.
(5) The solving method for the coupled model was studied. The groundwater simulation model was solved by MODFLOW2000, in which the rainfall infiltration was calculated with land water balance equation and irrigation infiltration was calculated with soil water balance equation. The chaos and artificial fish swarm algorithm was used to solve the model of optimal water delivery for crops. The iterative solution of the coupled model was given. Information and management system for the integrated use of surface water and groundwater was developed.
(6) Applying the model to water saving irrigation demonstration plot in Weihai, Shandong province, the scheme of the integrated use of surface and groundwater in 2010 was obtained. The movement of groundwater with the scheme simulated and analyzed.
(7) According to the theory and application research results, the conclusion and questions need to be studied deeply was presented.
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