坚强芽孢杆菌抗菌代谢产物的研究
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摘要
本试验主要是对坚强芽孢杆菌代谢产物的产生条件,抗菌机制,抗菌成分进行了较为深入的探索。
     1、本试验对培养基和生长条件的研究可以看出:将CM,NYDA,LB,NB,J式培养基做为基础培养基进行第一次筛选后,通过生物测定显示,NB培养基可以作为最优基础培养基;然后在此基础上,通过摇瓶正交试验分析了不同碳、氮源以及温度、pH、溶氧量对坚强芽孢杆菌产代谢产物影响的显著性差异,最终确定了最佳培养基配方和最优生长条件为牛肉膏8g,蛋白胨10g,葡萄糖14g;最优生长条件为PH值7.5,溶氧量取150 ml培养液于300 ml三角瓶中振荡培养,最适温度为35℃。经最优培养基培养Bacillius firmus后分离到的无菌代谢产物对指示菌的抑菌率达到79%以上,且在病原菌培养时间内不产生分生孢子。通过对生长曲线和代谢产物抗菌活性曲线的测定结果表明,在培养60小时时,坚强芽孢杆菌的菌量和代谢产物的抗菌活性达到最大;一般来说,培养时间不能超过72小时,因为此时无论是菌量的多少或是代谢产物的产出都开始进入衰退期,不利于代谢产物的提取与利用。
     2、通过抗菌代谢产物对指示菌枯斑拟盘多毛孢菌丝与分生孢子的作用可以看出,该抗菌物质的作用机制主要是以溶菌和拈抗作用为主。试验结果显示,该代谢产物可以使病原菌菌丝颜色加深,壁加厚,菌丝隔膜增加,每一段形状变为念珠状或椭圆形,以菌丝分枝变形最为严重,大多数膨大为囊状,内部形成球状颗粒,甚至破碎、裂解,内部原生质溢出,使菌丝变为空壳。使病原菌的分生孢子不萌发,胞壁明显变薄,特别是萌发胞,首先是开始膨大,细胞壁较其他两节细胞薄,然后完全变成泡囊状;有些分生孢子的第一节细胞也同时膨大为泡囊状,细胞壁很薄;在代谢产物处理48小时后,分生孢子的萌发胞普遍破裂,第一节细胞壁也陆续裂解,内部原生质外溢。抗菌谱的试验结果表明,坚强芽孢杆菌的抗菌代谢产物具有广谱高效的抗菌作用,针对各种各样的病原真菌都有很明显的抑制作用。除了对接合菌亚门的总状毛霉没有抗菌活性以外,对所有应试病原菌都显示出一定的抗菌活性。其中,对子囊菌亚门的核盘菌抗菌效果最佳,病原菌在含药平板上完全不生长;对半知菌亚门的桂花烂皮菌抑菌效果最差,但是抑菌率也达到了40%以上。
     3、试验通过硫酸铵分级沉淀法,透析法,离子交换层析法,十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺疑胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对抗菌代谢产物的基本性质和分子量做了深入探索。试验结果显示,代谢物质在不同饱和度的硫酸铵作用下,都会不同程度的产生沉淀,沉淀比重较小,漂浮于液面,棕色,随着硫酸铵饱和度越大,得到的蛋白质抗菌活性和蛋白质含量同时增大,但是当硫酸铵饱和度到达70%时,抗菌活性与蛋白质含量到达顶峰。该沉淀物质经透析后仍然具有抗菌活性,对紫外线和氯仿基本稳定,对高温和酸的耐受性不强,对胰蛋白酶不敏感,对蛋白酶K部分敏感。以离子交换层析后分离出三个峰的样品,通过生物测定确定仅有一个峰的样品具有抗菌活性,SDS-PAGE后,结果表明只有具有生物活性的样品产生了一条清晰的谱带,但颜色较Marker淡。经过将谱带的位置与Protein Marker,middle所形成的谱带对比后可确定该蛋白的分子量为29kD左右。
the research was in order to deeply explore the producing condition, the inhibitory mechanism.the inhibitory component of metabolic products produced by Bacillius firmus.
     1. The research is about the inhibitory culture medium and growth condition. From thebiology determine, the NB culture medium is confirmed as the best culture medium. Then thebest culture condition was determined by orthogonality test. It contains different carbon,nitrogen, temperature, pH, and oxygen, which is 8 g of beef extract, 10 g of peptone, 14 g ofglucose, pH7.5, 150 ml culture liquid shaky cultivate in 300 ml triangle bottle, and the fittesttemperature is 35℃. It is showed that the inhibitory rate is above 79% by metabolic productsof Bacillius firmus growed on the best culture condition, and no conidiophore had beenproduced. Otherwise, the upgrowth curve of Bacillius firmus and the inhibitory activity curveof metabolic products has been mensurated. It was infested that the highest quantity ofBacillius firmus and the best inhibitory activity was appeared at 60 hours cultivate. Generally,the cnltivate time conldn't over 72 hours, or else, both the quantity of Bacillius firmus and theinhibitory activity were turn into wane. It would make against on distilling and utilizing.
     2. The researches in this part were about the inhibitory mechanism and extension of metabolicproducts. The inhibitory mechanism is dissolution and counteraction. Which were confirmedby the effect of metabolic products to the mycelium and conidiophore of Pestalotiopsisfunerea. The color of mycelium turn dark and the wall was turn thick. The septum ofmycelium increased, and each section turn to ellipse. The hardest one was divarication, themost of which was conglobate, contains roundness grain in it, indeed broken, and thebioplasm spill over. Some mycelium has been ruptured, cracked, and turned abnormality, thebioplasm spilled empty. The mycelium of Pestalotiopsis funerea couldn't born fromconidiophore. The cell wall of conidiophore has been turned thin in evidence, especially forthe first cell, which has been turn big, the wall was thiner than the other two cell's, indeedturn like a purse. The third cell of conidiophore has been turned like a purse at the same timepartly. After 48 hours, the third cell or the first cell of conidiophore have been broken, the bioplasm was spilled over. The study on the inhibitory range was indicated that, the range ofthe inhibitory effect by metabolic products, which produced by Bacillius firmus. It manifestedthat the metabolic products has obvious inhibitory effect to kinds of pathogeny, except Mucorracemonus. The best effect was to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, it makes fungus couldn't grow.The wrost was to sweet-scented osmanthus husk festered fungus, but the inhibitory rate wasalso above 40%.
     3. The researches was progressed on depositing gradely by vitriol ammonium, dialysis,Anion-exchange Chromatography, SDS-PAGE. The aim is to make sure the character andmolecular weight of its metabolic products. It was obvious that, the metabolic products woulddeposit in the different saturation of vitriol ammonium, and the more vitriol ammonium, themore deposit. The brown deposit float on the water, when the saturation of vitriol ammoniumarrived at 70%, both the inhibitory activity and the quantity of protein reach the crest. Thedialyzed deposit also have inhibitory activity, and it was steady in ultraviolet radiation,chloroform and trypsin, but not totally steady in high temperature, acid, and proteinase K.After Anion-exchange Chromatography, three kinds of sample has been collected, but only asample has inhibitory activity. Both of them were made use of SDS-PAGE. It was ascertainedthat the sample which has inhibitory activity bring a clear cincture, although the cincturewasn't clear, the molecular weight could be confirmed to 29KD more or less contrastd withprotein marker.
引文
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