摘要
动能攻坚战斗部侵爆毁伤效应的研究是常规武器研制以及防护工程设计中的热点研究领域。高速深侵彻攻坚战斗部、纤维增强复合攻坚战斗部的侵彻性能以及侵爆破坏效应的研究,对新型攻坚武器研制及防护工程设计有着重要的意义和价值。
本文采用理论分析、数值模拟及实验研究的方法,对所提出的新型攻坚战斗部在高速及中低速下侵彻混凝土靶的破坏效应、装药空爆威力及混凝土靶中的静爆破坏效应、纤维增强攻坚战斗部对混凝土结构侵爆破坏效应进行了综合分析,获得了攻坚战斗部侵彻混凝土弹靶破坏特性、战斗部壳体对爆炸毁伤效应的影响以及侵爆联合作用下混凝土结构破坏效应的规律,具体包括以下几个方面:
(1)根据目前攻坚战斗部存在的问题以及当前军事需求,提出了高速深侵彻攻坚战斗部和纤维增强高装填比攻坚战斗部两种新型战斗部的研究思路。在对现有混凝土动态本构模型进行综合分析的基础上,建立了适合于侵彻与爆炸的本构模型。应用非线性动力学分析程序对纤维增强攻坚战斗部、高速深侵彻攻坚战斗部侵彻混凝土靶进行了数值模拟,分析了弹靶的破坏效应,从数值上验证了两种新型攻坚战斗部的侵彻能力。
(2)基于理论分析和数值模拟,分别设计了带沟槽锥形攻坚战斗部和以纤维增强复合材料作为战斗部壳体的两种新型攻坚战斗部试验样弹。样弹设计突破了传统的圆柱型整体战斗部以及全金属壳体的模式。开展了中低速纤维增强攻坚战斗部、高速深侵彻攻击战斗部侵彻混凝土靶的试验方法和火炮次口径发射实验技术研究;分别取得了侵彻速度为300m/s～500m/s以及近1200m/s速度段的侵彻的试验结果。结合数值模拟对弹靶的变形破坏进行了分析。
(3)通过应力波理论以及能量原理,考虑带壳装药爆炸物理力学过程,推导了带壳装药空爆威力理论公式,以及带壳装药在混凝土中爆炸破坏区域、能量分布的理论计算式。通过与本文设计的静爆试验以及数值模拟结果对比分析,表明理论公式的适用范围更广,并与实际情况更加吻合。
(4)基于理论分析,分别对碳纤维壳体、钢壳体及裸装药三种试验件在空气中的爆炸威力、对靶体的驱动能力以及混凝土的爆炸毁伤效应进行了对比试验研究,获得了对战斗部爆炸超压分布及爆炸破片对周围目标破坏效应、装填比及装药壳体材料对混凝土靶毁伤效应的影响以及混凝土靶的爆炸成坑效应的认识。
(5)在理论分析和实验研究的基础上,采用用AUTODYN程序对碳纤维壳体装药、钢质壳体装药以及裸装药在空气及混凝土靶体中爆炸破坏效应进行数值模拟。数值模拟与理论分析、试验结果相一致。
(6)考虑非理想爆轰以及侵彻损伤的影响,提出了无量纲爆破压碎因子,获得了一个能更准确预估爆炸压碎区尺寸的公式。纤维增强攻坚战斗部对混凝土结构侵爆全过程的数值模拟结果与该公式预估一致。
最后,对全文进行了总结,给出了主要结论,并对侵爆毁伤效应的进一步研究方向进行了展望。
本文的研究成果具有普适性,为纤维增强高装填比攻坚战斗部和高速深侵彻攻坚战斗部进一步工程化研究及侵爆毁伤效应评估奠定了基础。特别是纤维增强攻坚战斗部及高速深侵彻钻地战斗部侵彻性能研究、战斗部壳体对爆炸毁伤效应的主要影响因素和规律的提出,具有重要实用价值。
The penetration and blasting damage for anti-hard-target warhead have become a hot topic in development of conventional weapon and design of defense engineering. It is of significant importance for development of new-concept warhead and design of defense engineering, including the studies of penetration efficiency and blasting-damage evaluation for high-speed deep-penetration anti-hard-target warhead and fiber reinforced composite one.
The phenomena that may occur during the high-speed or mid-speed penetration of new-concept warhead penetrating concrete is synthetically analyzed, including the damage of the target, the efficiency of the loaded explosives, the quasi-static failure of concrete target and the efficiency of the fiber-reinforced composite warhead penetrating the concrete structure by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental research. The results obtained are damage characteristics of concrete target, the influence of the warhead shell for efficiency of blasting damage and the failure rules of concrete target by combination of penetration and blasting damage. And the details are listed below.
(1) The concepts are advanced for high-speed deep-penetration anti-hard-target warhead and fiber reinforced high-backfill ratio one based on the present anti-hard-target warhead problems and the military need. A new constitutive model for concrete under penetration and explosion is established on foundation of synthetically analysis of present dynamic constitutive models of concrete. The numerical simulations, the high-speed deep-penetration warhead and the fiber reinforced one penetrating concrete target, are run by nonlinear dynamic program and the damage effects of warhead/target are analyzed. The penetration abilities of two new-concept warheads are verified by numerical simulation.
(2) Two new-type sample projectiles, taper groove anti-hard-target warhead and fiber reinforced one, are designed based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The sample projectile design breaks through conventional modes of warhead, i.e., cylinder shape and whole metal shell. It is studied experimentally on high-speed anti-hard-target warhead and fiber reinforced one penetrating concrete target at high speed or mid speed. The projectile is fired by artillery or sub-caliber propelling technique and the impact velocities obtained from tests are in the range of 300-500 m/s or nearly up to 1200 m/s. The deformation and failure characteristics of target are analyzed in combination of the numerical simulation results. Which confirms the feasibility of the concept of two new-type warhead and their penetration performances.
(3) Deduce theoretical formulae, including the formula for the explosion of charge with shell in air and the one for damage area and energy distribution of charge with shell blasting in concrete target, in combination of the stress wave theory, energy principle and the blasting physical and mechanical behavior of charge with shell. Analysis indicates that the application domain for the theory formulae is more wide and the predictions of these theoretical formulae agree well with the results of tests and numerical simulations.
(4) The comparison of three types of charges, i.e., the naked charge, the charge with composite material shell and the one with steel shell, are conducted based on theoretical analysis focusing on their explosion efficiencies in air, their drive abilities of the targets and the damage effects of concrete targets. Acquire the common sense such as the peak overpressure distribution and the damage effect of the blast fragments which may destroy the surrounding targets, the influence of the backfill ratio and the shell material of charge to the damage of concrete target and its blast tunish cavity.
(5) Based on theoretical analysis and experimental results, the finite difference software AUTODYN is used for numerical simulation of the blast effect of three types of charges, i.e., the naked charge, the charge with composite material shell and the one with steel shell, exploding in concrete targets. And the simulation results are agreed with the theoretical analyses and the experimental results.
(6) The dimensionless factor, i.e., the crush function,is deduced considering the influence of the non-ideal explosion and penetration damage, which gives more accurate prediction of the size of the crush area in target by explosion. The prediction of the theoretical formula is agreed with the numerical simulation result during the whole process of the fiber reinforced anti-hard-target warhead penetrating into concrete target.
Finally, summarize this paper, listing some important conclusions deduced from this paper and several suggestions for future research in the penetration and blasting effect of target/warhead.
It is universal for the achievements of this paper, which establishes the foundation of the further engineering application and evaluation of the penetration-blast damage effect for the fiber reinforced high-backfill ratio anti-hard-target warhead and high-speed deep-penetration one. Furthermore, it is of great importance for finding out the main factors and rules of the penetration efficiency verification, the influence of warhead shell for blast damage effect. That is to say that this paper is helpful in application.
引文
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