摘要
本试验以切花百合品种雪皇后(麝香百合L. longiflorum的一个栽培品种Snow Queen)，经学校花圃盆栽后为试验材料。测定了百合生育期间的形态指标；糖、淀粉、光合等生理指标；还有酶(SOD、POD、CAT、PPO和PAL)，蛋白质等生化指标。另外，利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳，比较了百合鳞茎在各个不同生育时期和叶片的蛋白质种类差异。最后还测定了百合鳞茎冷藏期间的一些生理生化变化。
1．比较收获后，百合鳞茎的鲜重、干重、周径等形态指标，发现鳞茎的膨大效果是显著的。而经过去花苞处理的百合，鳞茎的膨大效果要显著优于未去花苞处理的百合。在地上部分形态的调查中发现，去花苞处理的百合株高偏矮，但对植株的叶片数没有影响，也就是说，去花苞处理应该不会影响它的光合作用。另外，从含水量变化的角度分析，也可以说明去花苞处理更有利于鳞茎干物质的积累。
2．淀粉和糖类是百合鳞茎主要的养分贮藏形式和养分运转形式，从栽种到采收的整个生育期间，鳞茎中淀粉的含量是先下降后上升。而总糖是先快速上升，然后较为缓慢的下降，其中的还原糖变化较为剧烈一点，这可能是因为它的含量甚少有关。最后采收时鳞茎的淀粉含量是200mg／gFW左右，总糖为85mg／gFW左右。从淀粉和总糖含量变化的趋势分析，我们认为从栽种期到含苞期，鳞茎作为地上部分的生长供给养分的源，一直处于不断的分解自身碳水化合物的状态。随着去花苞处理后，由于最大的养分消耗活动(生殖繁育活动)的停止，地上部分的光合产物开始以蔗糖的形式不断的向鳞茎运转，在鳞茎中大部分以淀粉的形式积累。从淀粉和糖类在鳞茎中含量的变化趋势分析，也可再一次证明了去花苞处理更有利于鳞茎的养分积累。
3．通过百合的光合响应试验，我们可以发现在70-80μmolM-2S-,光强之间净光合为零，上位叶片的光饱和点的光强是730μmol旷S—‘，光合速率为6.15μmolCO2M2s-’，都要高于中位叶片。说明在浙江的山区种植百合，光照方面是完全能满足它的要求的。
4．POD、CAT是植物体内两类重要的呼吸酶和SOD一起都是植物活性氧脱毒酶促系统重要的成员。在百合的栽种到幼苗期间(营养生长期间)，POD、CAT、SOD的酶活都有一个升高的过程，在膨大期酶活也有一个增强过程。说明两点，在幼苗期鳞茎的养分消耗是高峰，酶活的变化与之是相映的；在膨大期是鳞茎中养分积累的高峰期，酶活的变化也与之是相映的。但就各种的酶活变化之间还缺少相关性分析，有待于更进一步研究。
5．对于PPO，它主要是参与组织褐变反应的一种酶，与鳞茎的活力有着密切的
关系，另外它于抗逆，抗病虫有一定的关系。在百合鳞茎中的表现是先减弱
后增强，但最强值出现在栽种期。
6．PAL是植物木质素和纤维素合成的主要参与酶类，它的活动可以从一定程度
上解释植物的衰老和逆境适应。从百合的栽种到幼苗期间，PAL的活性是增
强的，之后就一直处于下降趋势中。
7．对百合的蛋白分析发现，鳞茎的膨大期间，蛋白质含量最高，从蛋白质电泳
图上我们也可看到，此时蛋白质的种类最多。这与前面的形态和生理分析是
相符的。有人曾怀疑是否存在特异蛋白与鳞茎的膨大关系密切，这一点还需
进一步研究。
且 在百合种球的冷藏前后，鳞茎鲜重的变化是明显的，而干重的变化并不显著，
说明冷藏期间鳞茎损失最多的是水分，因此在冷藏期间要注意保持一定的湿
度。冷藏期间鳞茎的淀粉含量呈现了一个下降趋势，而总糖是先上升后下降。
但总的碳水化合物含量变化，是一个比较缓谩的下降趋势。说明，冷藏有效
的降低了鳞茎的呼吸消耗，保持了鳞茎的品质。
9．呼吸酶CAT的活性是在冷藏期间前期，呈上升趋势的，之后开始缓慢减弱。
而POD、PPO的酶活性一直处于增强趋势中，只是在前一个月酶活增前的稍
微明显一点，之后变化就非常缓慢。这与其它一些园艺作物有相似之处，也
有不同之处。但是否与鳞茎的休眠打破有关，还需更进一步研究。
This paper is about physiological and biochemical analysis for bulbs of lily (L longiflorum) cv. 'Snow Quuen1 which grown in Hangzhou city. The concentrations of total sugar, starch, reducing sugar, sucrose in the scales of lily were analyzed for dissimilation and assimilation of carbohydrates. Leaf photosynthesis, protein and activities of some enzymes (including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) in bulbs were also dertermined during the plant growth period and the cooling storage of bulbs. In addition, the proteins contents in bulbs and leaves of lily in different developmental periods were discussed using the method of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The results are as follows:
lit was found that the fresh and dry weight, perimeter of lily bulbs increased significantly after harvest. Disbuttoning treatment influence the bulb development and the fresh weight increased dramatically in the harvested bulbs. Disbuttoning was showed as an effective way of accelerating the bulb development. The plant high is shorter than when flower-bud was removed. The total number of leaves was same with the treatment of disbuttoning, it indicates that there is no influence of photosynthesis in lily plant.
2.The total sugar and starch are the main source of carbon nutrient. From planting to bud stage, the concentrations of starch in bulb decreased, and then increased. But the contents of total sugar in bulbs increased remarkedly before bud stage, then decreased rapidly. The concentrations of total sugar and starch in harvested bulb were about 85 mg/gFW, and 200 mg/gFW, respectively. Anaylsis of the changes of starch and total sugar in bulbs, we considered that the nutrients of bulb are outing for the plant growth before the bud stage. The nutrients were accumulated for bulb development when the bud was removed.
3. From the photosynthesis experiments, we found that the net photosynthetic rate is 0 when the PFD is 70-80 v- molM^S"1. The top leaves'Pn was 6.15ii molC02M"2S~1 as the saturation level when PFD was 730 u molM"2S"1. Pn in the top leaves showed higher than the other leaves.
4.Catalase and peroxidase are involved in reducing the infection of alive oxygen. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase showed high when start to growth. Their activitives have a trend of weaken before harverst. The activity of polyphenol oxidase increased from planting to bud stage, and then decreased slihgly. The highest activity of polyphenol oxidase was observed at beginning of growth. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased obviously before bud stage, followed by a decrease until harvest. With these observations, we concluded that the nutrients in bulbs consumed quickly during the plant growth, and the increasing of the biochemical activities as well as the carbonhydrates accumulation in bulbs demonstrated the bulb development. The bud stage could be regarded as the start of bulb regenerated.
5. By using the method of SOS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, the total contens of protein in bulbs and leaves in different growth periods were analyzed. Bands of protein in bulbs showed that no difference in various developmental periods, but there were some differences between bulbs and leaves. Analysis of protein bands also indicates that the abundance of proteins exists in lily bulb during the bulb development.
6-During the cooling storage, the contents of total sugar in bulbs increased at first month, and then decreased slightly. Concentrations of starch decreased very slowly at the beginning. The total carbohydrates decreased slightly during the whole storge. The activity of CAT and POD and PPO increased at fist month, whereas the CAT activity decreased slowly. The activity of POD and PPO showed a stable level during the storage. Increasing of the activities of related enzymes only at the first month and stable level of carbohydrates in the whole storage maybe reflect the physiological mechanism during the dormant period of lily bulbs.
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