摘要
我国水资源缺乏,水污染形势很严峻。目前,我国很多大城市已经对污水处理开始重视,也采取了一定的治理措施。由于现在很多中小城镇尚无污水处理设施,大量的生活污水、工业废水不经过处理就直接就近排入水体,给当地水体造成严重污染,所以为了实现人与自然的可持续发展,必须对所有的中小城镇的污水进行有效处理后排放。
填料是生物接触氧化法的核心,填料的性能直接影响着水处理的效果,我们现在所运用的填料需要满足比表面积大、孔隙率大、经久耐用、生物稳定性好、价格便宜等要求。
本实验研究反应器的启动运行及填料挂膜进行了研究比对,选取启动运行方式及填料挂膜法中比较好的填料进行实验,活性污泥接种法最先达到指定去除效果其次是投菌启动法,在投菌法启动最初加入的菌液中引入了较多的菌种,启动时间最长的是自然富集培养法,直至31日,COD去除率才达到61.51%。反应器的启动研究为后续开展实验提供了良好条件。
对填料的特性进行研究,分别研究了不同填料的吸附吸附能力和不同水力条件对实验的影响。选择的吸附参数包括:亚甲兰吸附值、单宁酸吸附值、碘吸附值、氨氮吸附值及对有机物的吸附值,其中3#填料的吸附特性最好,且在反应器中运行效果也是最好的,这是由于3#填料表面粗糙度较高,有利于微生物附着生长,3#孔隙率也较大,为微生物的生长提供了充分空间,在填料表面的生物量比较大。通过以上实验有利于比较出填料的最佳类型以及评价填料好坏的重要影响因子,从而进一步展开实验,选取最优填料和反应器最好的启动方式进行实验,考察对污染物的去除效果。
对工艺进行改良,在原来反应器的基础上做改进,把原来一段曝气生物接触氧化法变成两段曝气生物接触氧化法,中间和底部分别进行曝气,将反应器分为A段与B段,改变了反应器中水流流态,溶解增加,同时,微生物的分布及与废水中有机物污染物的接触概率等都发生变化。两段曝气生物接触氧化法中功能区的划分和生物群落分布划分明显,A段有机物浓度比较高,生长的优势菌种为异养型微生物,主要用于COD的降解;随着有机物浓度不断降低,B段主要培养的优势菌种为自养型微生物,主要用于去除氨氮以及进一步去除有机污染物,从而使两段曝气接触氧化法获得稳定、良好的出水水质。
The shortage of water and water pollution situation is very severe in our country. At present, importance has been attached to sewage treatment and measures have been taken as well in many big cities. Because there is no sewage treatment facilities in many small towns, a large amount of domestic sewage, industrial hydrated without treatment has been poored directly into the nearest body of water, which has caused serious pollution of local water, so in order to achieve the sustainable development of man and nature, sewage of small towns must be treated effectively before emission.
Biological Contact Oxidation can also be called the "submerged bio-filter ".Filler provides place for the growth and reproduction of microb.Immersed in water, covered with biofilm,filler maks sewage and biofilm contacted . The metabolism of microb on the biofilm is to remove organic pollutants in wastewater, and consequently purify the sewage.
Filler is the core of contact oxidation, and the performance of filler has a direct impact on effects of water treatment.Fillers used now are required to be with large surface area, porosity, durability ,great biological stability, low price and the other. The start-up of reactor and attaching biofilm on filler was compared in the study. Better start-up mode and attaching method was chosen to conduct experiments. The method of activated sludge inoculation reached removal requirements firstly, followed by a method of start-up with bacteria,which add in a large amount of bacteria through bacilli at the start-up period. Natural enrichment culture method was the longest. Up to 36 days, COD removal rate reached 62.14%. Good conditions were provided for the following experiments.
The characteristics of the filler were studied , including the adsorption of different fillers and the impact of water on the experimental conditions. 3 # filler had the best adsorption characteristics and operating effects in the reactor was also the best, because the surface of 3 # filler was rough, which was beneficial for the growth of attaching micro-organisms. The porosity of 3 # was larger , providing ample space for microbial growth,with lager biomass on the filler surface. It is helpful to compare the best type of filler and evaluate the key factors on the goodness and badness of filler through the above experiments , and then conduct the experiment further, to select the best filler and the best way to start the reactor,and study the removal of pollutants .
Improvements were made to the process. Based on the original reactor, the aeration bio-contact oxidation was improved into two aerated bio-contact oxidation. Two aerated bio-contact oxidation achieved a functional area and bio-phase classification. Dominant species cultured in a segment were heterotrophic microorganisms, mainly for the removal of COD; the main advantages of cultured bacteria in B section were autotrophic microorganisms, mainly for removal of ammonia and further removal of organic contaminants, which made two aerated bio-contact oxidation method obtain stable and good water quality.
引文
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