摘要
本文研究了在正常生产和热应激两种条件下不同铬源及铬水平的有机铬对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质的影响，进一步研究在热应激情况下有机铬对血液生化特性及免疫功能的影响，为揭示和完善有机铬对蛋鸡的作用机理及实际生产中经济、高效地补加有机铬提供试验依据。
试验一用25周龄罗曼商品蛋鸡480只，按2*2双因子试验随机分为5组，对照组饲喂不添加铬的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮，4个试验组饲喂在对照组基础上分别添加了以吡啶羧酸铬或酵母铬来源的0.2mg/kg或0.4mg/kg铬水平的日粮，试验60天，以研究有机铬对正常生产条件下蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验二选用91周龄时的同批新罗曼商品代蛋鸡，其试验设计和基础日粮同试验一,研究在夏季高温情况下不同铬源及铬水平对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响。试验结果显示：
1 吡啶羧酸铬和酵母铬在正常生产和夏季高温两种情况下，对蛋鸡的生产性能均有一定程度的影响，在热应激的情况下，有机铬提高蛋鸡生产性能的作用发挥的较快，缓解热应激对蛋鸡的负面影响的作用更加明显。热应激情况下，随着饲粮铬水平的升高，产蛋率呈线性增加，0.2mg/kg铬水平组和0.4mg/kg铬水平组产蛋率分别比对照组提高1.31%和2.67%。0.2mg/kg铬水平组和0.4mg/kg铬水平组平均蛋重分别比对照组提高1.88%和0.99%。
2 在热应激情况下饲粮中添加0.2mg/kg和0.4mg/kg的有机铬都极显著提高了蛋黄颜色（P<0.01），在小麦代替玉米作能量饲料时，
一般蛋黄颜色都会变浅或无色，此时如能添加这些有机铬，可以改
善蛋黄颜色，提高商品价值。
3 铬水平对血清尿素氮有极显著的影响（P<0.01）,0.4mg/kg铬水平组均极显著地低于对照组（p<0.01）。说明了补铬能够抑制由高温引起的蛋白质分解过程，从而起到缓解高温应激的作用。
4 吡啶酸铬和酵母铬在作用效果上无显著的差异。从经济效益方面考虑0.2mg/kg铬水平的酵母铬和0.4mg/kg铬水平的吡啶羧酸铬经济效益较好。
In order to discover the mechanism of organic chromium and use it effectively , Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic chromium on egg production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical traits and immune responses of normal layers and heat stressed layers.
Experiment Ⅰ. A total of 480 25—week old Roman commercial layers were randomly allotted to one of five treatments according to a 2*2 factorial arrangement ,and fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet(control) and the basal diets supplemented with 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg chromium either as yeast or picolinate respectively under normal temperature. The experiment last 60 days to study the effect of organic chromium on egg production performance and egg quality on normal temperature. Experiment Ⅱ . The same 480 91—week old Roman commercial were used to study the effect of organic chromium on egg production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical traits and immune responses, the diets and the experimental design were the same with ExperimentⅠ.
The result showed :
Both picolinate chromium and chromium yeast chromium can improve the production performance to some extent on normal temperature and heat stress. The laying rates of the layers fed the diets supplemented with 0.2mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg Cr were increased by 1.31%和2.67%. The average egg weight of the layers fed the diets supplemented with 0.2mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg Cr were increased by 1.31%和2.67%. The organic chromium can improve the production performance more quickly on normal temperature and reduce the negative effect of heat stress more obvious.
Layers fed the diets supplemented with 0.2mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg Cr had higher yolk color than those fed the control diet（p<0.01）. When wheat is used for energy feed on laying eggs,the yolk color will be decreased.,The diet fed with organic chromium can increase the yolk color and improve its commercial value.
Cr level influenced the serum uric（p<0.01）,Layers fed the diets supplemented with 0.4mg/kg Cr had lower serum uric than those fed the control diet and 0.4mg/kg Cr. It indicate organic chromium can prevent the process of protein conversation caused by heat stress.
There were no differences in reducing the negative effects of heat stress and improving the quality of eggs between yeast chromium and picolinate chromium..
引文
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