摘要
目前,循环经济的理念在我国被逐渐接受,但是我国疆域辽阔,各地区人口、资源条件极不平衡,社会、经济发展差异显著,这些地区差距的存在对循环经济的发展都会产生直接和间接的影响。因此,发展循环经济需要结合不同地区的特点,因地制宜,进行多样化的实践和探索。
本文采用定性分析与定量分析相结合、动态分析与静态分析相结合、理论研究与实证研究相结合、多学科理论相互结合的研究方法,重点对区域循环经济的评价及运行体系进行了研究,为循环经济的发展提供了有益的探索。
首先,对现有区域发展的基础理论和循环经济的基础理论进行了系统梳理和述评,构建了区域循环经济理论的基础理论框架。
其次,从系统论的角度建立了区域循环经济系统结构模型。指出区域循环经济是由环境子系统、资源子系统、经济子系统、技术子系统、支撑子系统相互耦合而成的复杂系统,系统具有生产、消费和循环转化三大功能,提高资源利用效率、提高人类福利、实现人与自然和谐发展是系统的三大目标。
第三,从资源、环境、经济、社会四个方面设计了科学、合理的区域循环经济评价指标体系,基于层次分析法和灰色关联度分析构建了区域循环经济发展综合评价模型。
第四,构建了区域循环经济的运行模型,该模型包括循环经济主体、循环经济客体和循环经济调控三大部分,其中循环经济主体包括政府、企业和社会三大类型;循环经济客体可概括为四个层次(企业、园区、城市、区域)、五次产业(资源产业、广义农业、广义工业、广义服务业、环境产业)和五个环节(开采、生产、消费、流通、回收);循环经济调控方式包括管理体制、运行机制和实施手段。
最后,通过对内蒙古自治区循环经济发展的调查研究,评价了其循环经济发展水平,构建了内蒙古自治区六大支柱产业的生态产业链,提出了内蒙古自治区发展循环经济的具体路径和对策建议。
Nowadays,the idea of circular economy has been gradually accepted by people,However,confronted with vast territory and imbalance in population,resource,environment,our country social economic standard tends to differ significantly across regions,which have direct and indirect influence on circular economy development. So,we should choose reasonable model according the principal of adaptation to local conditions and apply the effective measures to impel the development of the circular economy.
The paper apply the methodology of quantitative and qualitative analysis,dynamic and static analysis , theoretical and demonstration research , and multidisciplinary synthesis,mainly studies the development evaluation and operation system of regional circular economy. The study can provides the instructive grope for the structure optimizing of circular economy development.
Firstly,the existing fundamental theories of regional development and circular economy are systematically reorganized and commented,as a result,its foundation theory frame is set up.
Secondly,based on the theory of system,the construction model of regional circular economy system is established,which mainly includes five subsystem:environment subsystem,resource subsystem,economic subsystem,technology subsystem and supporting subsystem. This system has three functions: producing function,consumption function,cycle and transformation function,and three targets: improving resource utilization efficiency,enhancing human welfare,realizing harmonious development between human and nature.
Thirdly,a scientific and practical evaluation index system,which is composed of four aspects: resource,environment,economy and society is designed and a mathematical model with the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Grey Relational Analysis is established to evaluate the level of regional circular economy.
Fourthly,a model for regional circular economy operation is designed, which is composed of subject,object and regulatory methods. government,corporation and public constitute subject of circular economy,four levels(enterprise,eco-industrial park , city, province/municipality/autonomous region) , five industries(resource industry,generalized agriculture,generalized industry,generalized service trade, environment industry) and five links(mining,produce,consume,circulate, recycle) constitute object of circular economy,management system,operation mechanism and implement means constitute control methods.
Finally , Based on the investigating and researching in inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the development level of circular economy is evaluated, eco-industrial chains of six pillar industries are conducted,and some countermeasures and proposals for quickening circular economy activities are proposed .
引文
[1]伍琴.产业生态系统的演进及其供应链管理战略[D].湖南大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2006.
[2]周建安.我国产业结构演进的生态发展路径选择[D].暨南大学:博士研究生学位论文,2007.
[3]王艳玲.唐山市循环经济型产业体系的构建及评价[D].河北示范大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2008.
[4] Boulding K.E.The economics of the coming spaceship earth,in H.Jarrett(ed.),Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy.Resources for the Furture,Baltimore Maryland:Johns Hopkins Press,1966.
[5] (美)巴里·康芒纳著,侯文蕙译.封闭的循环.长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.
[6] David W.Pearce and R.Kerry Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment[M].London:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1990,35-41.
[7] Heinz Strebel,Industrial recycling networks as an entrance into circular economy,International Summer Academy on Technology Studies-Corporate Sustainability, 2004.
[8] Steurer A.Stoffstrombilanz Osterreich 1988[R]. IFF Social Ecology papers No.26.Wien:IFF Soziale Okologie,1992.
[9] Environment Agency Japan.Quality of the environment in Japan 1992[R]. Tokyo: Environment Agency Japan,1992.
[10] Schutz H , Bringezu S.Major material flows in Germany[R].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin ,1993(2):443-448.
[11] Adriansse A,Bringezu S,Hammond A.et al.,Resource Flows: the Material Basis of Industrial Economics [M]. Washington D C.USA:World Resource Institute,1997.
[12] Matthews W,Bringezu S.et al.The Weight of Nations:Material Outflows from Industrial Economics [M].Washington D C:World Resource Institute,2000.
[13] de Marco O,Lagioia G.et al.Materials flow analysis of the Italian economy [J].Industrial Ecology,2001,4 (2):55-70.
[14] Gravgaard P O.Material flow accounts and analysis for Denmark [R].Luxembourg:Meeting of the Eurostat Task Force on Material Flow Accounting,2000.
[15] Muukkonen J.TMR , DMI and material balances , Finland 1980-1997 [R].Luxembourg: EUROSTAT Working Paper,No.2/2000/B/ 1,2000.
[16] Isacsson A,Jonsson K,et al.Material flow accounts,DMI and DMC for Sweden 1987-1997[R ].Luxembourg:EUROSTAT Working Paper.No.2/2000/B/2,2000.
[17] Schandl H,Schulz N.Using material flow accounting to operationalise the concept of Society's Metabolism:A preliminary MFA for the United Kingdom for the period of 1937-1997 [R].Colchester:University of Essex,ISER Working Paper No.2000-3.2000.
[18] Jan Kovanda,Tomas Hak.What are the possibilities for graphical presentation of decoupling? An example of economy-wide material flow indicators in the Czech Republic[J].Ecological Indicators ,2007(7):123–132.
[19] Jarmo Vehmas , Jyrki Luukkanen , Jari Kaivo-oja.Linking analyses and environmental Kuznets curves for aggregated material flows in the EU[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2007(5):1662—1673.
[20] Pablo Mu?oz J,Klaus Hubacek.Material implication of Chile's economic growth:Combining material flow accounting (MFA) and structural decomposition analysis (SDA)[J].Ecology Ecomomics,2008(65):136—144.
[21] Eurostat.Economy-wide material flow accounts and derived indicators,a method of logical guide [R].Luxembourg,2001.
[22] Johnson J,Julie J ,Marlen B,et al.Contemporary Anthropogenic Silver Cycle:A Multilevel Analysis[J].Environmental Science&Technology, 2005 , 39(12) :4655-4665.
[23] Graedek T E,Beers DV,Bertram M,et al.Multilevel Cycle of Anthropogenic Copper.Environmental Science&Technology[J],2004,38(4):1242-1252.
[24] Graedek T E,Beers DV,Bertram M,et al.the Multilevel Cycle of Anthropogenic Zinc[J].Journal of Industrial Ecological,2005,9(3):67-90.
[25] Sven Hunhammar.Cycling Residues:Potential for increased transportation Demands Due to recycling of materials in Sweden[J].Resource,Conservation & Recycling,1995,15(1):21-31.
[26] Susanne K,Mireille F,Peter B.Economically Extended-MFA:a material flow approach for a better understanding of flood production chain[J].Journal of clean production,2004,12(8-10):877-889.
[27] Seiji H,Yuichi M,Akira S,et al.Six indicators of material cycles for describing society’s metabolism : application to wood resources in Japan[J].Resources ,Conservation&Recycling,2004,40(3):201-223.
[28] Claudia R.Binder,Christoph Hofer,et al, Transition towards improved regional wood flows by integrating material flux analysis and agent analysis: The case of Appenzell Ausserrhoden,Switzerland[J]. Ecological Economics, 2004,49: 1-17.
[29] Stefan Schaltegger,Andreas Sturm,Okologische Rationalitat.Die Unternehmung Nr4.1990,273-290.
[30] Bjrm Stigson.Eco-efficency:cereating more value with less impact.WBCSD,2000:5-36.
[31] OECD.Towards Sustainable Development:Environmential Indicators 2001. Paris: 2001.
[32] Hoffren J, Measuring the Eco-efficiency of Welfare Generation in a National Economy.The Case of Finland [M].Tilastokeskus,Tutkimuksia,2001.
[33] Hartmut Hoh,Karl Schoer,Steffen Seibe.Eco-efficiency indicators in German Environmental Economic Accounting[J].Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe,2002(19):41-52.
[34] Peter Saling,Andreas Kicherer,Brigitte Dittrich-Kramer,et al.Eco-efficiency Analysis by BASF: The Method [J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2002,1-16.
[35] Timo Kuosmanen,Mika Kortelainen,Measuring Eco-efficiency of Production with Data Envelopment Analysis [J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2005(4):59-72.
[36] Yoshinori Kobayashi,Hideki Kobayashi,Akinori Hongu,Kiyoshi Sanehira,A Practical Method for Quantifying Eco-efficiency Using Eco-design Support Tools [J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2005(4):131-144.
[37] OECD,Extended Producer Responsibility in the OECD Area.Phase 1 Report. Legal and Administrative Approaches in Member Countries and Policy Options for EPR Programmes.Paris: OECD,1996.
[38] A.lans Bovenberg,de Mooij, Ruuda.Environmental taxation reform and endogenous gowth[J].Joumal of publie Economics,1997,63(2):207-237.
[39] Bruvoll Annegete.Taxing virgin materials:an approach to waste problems,Resource Conservation and Recycling.1998,22(1):15-29.
[40] Huhtala , Anni.Optimizing production technology choices: conventional production vs recycling [J].Resources and Energy Economics,1999(21):1-18.
[41] Reijnders L, A normative strategy for sustainable resource choice and recycling[J],Resource Conservation and Recycling,2000,28(1):121-133.
[42] Eichner T,R.Pethig,Corrective Taxation for Curbing Pollution and Promoting Green Product Design and Recycling[J].Environmental&Resource Economics ,European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists,2003,25(4):477-500.
[43] Lydia Illge,The Economy of Closed Material Cycles,DIW Research Note.2003,11.
[44] Wedekind,Saskia, Haasis, Hans-Dietrich, Integration of service providers into supply chain services and waste disposal transports,Proceedings of SPIE–The International Society for Optical Engineering,2004(5262):115-124.
[45] Shu-Yang,Fan,Freedman,Bill; Cote,Raymond,Principles and practice of ecological design[J],Environmental Reviews,2004(12):97-112.
[46] Knodo Yasuo,Hirai,Ko-suke and Kawamoto,Ryota,A discussion on the resource circulation strategy of the refrigerator[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling,2001,33(3):153-165.
[47] Ross Stuart,Evans,David,The environmental effect of reusing ang recycling a plastic-based packaging system[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2003,11(5):561-571.
[48] Tilton John E,The future of recycling[J].Recource Policy,25(3):197-204.
[49] Das Sujit,Curlee,T.Randall and Rizy,Colleen G.,Automobile recycling in the United States:Energy impacts and waste generation[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,1995,14(3-4):265-284.
[50] Spatari S.,Bertram,M.and Fuse,K.,The contemporary European copper cycle:1 year stocks and flows[J].Ecological Economics,2002,42(1-2):27-42.
[51]Kishion Hirohisa,Hanyu,Kazunori and Yamashiita,Hidetoshi,Correspondence analysis of paper recycling society : consumers and paper makers in Japan[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,1998,23(4):193-208.
[52]马凯.贯彻和落实科学发展观大力推进循环经济发展[J].宏观经济管理,2005,(1):4-9.
[53]彭近新、李赶顺、张玉柯.减轻环境负荷与政策法规调控:中国环境保护理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
[54]毛如柏,冯之浚.论循环经济[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[55]曲格平.发展循环经济是21世纪的大趋势[J].当代生态农业,2002(z1):18-20.
[56]张凯.对循环经济理论的再思考[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2004,6:48-52.
[57]周国梅等.循环经济和工业生态效率指标体系[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(6):201-203.
[58]钟太洋等.区域循环经济发展评价:方法、指标体系与实证研究——以江苏省为例[J].资源科学,2006,28 (2):154-162.
[59]冯之浚.树立科学发展观—促进循环经济发展[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),2004(11),5-12.
[60]于丽英,冯之浚.城市循环经济评价指标体系的设计[J].中国软科学,2005(12),44–53.
[61]黄贤金.区域循环经济发展评价研究[M].社会科学文献出版社,2006:41-43.
[62]黄和平,毕军.基于物质流分析的区域循环经济评价—以常州市武进区为例[J].资源科学,2008,28(6):20-27.
[63]曹凤中,李丽平,吴迪.推行循环经济要全力发展环境保护信息服务和物流产业[J].黑龙江环境通报,2004,28(3):1-3.
[64]杜世勋,曹利军.循环经济系统结构模式与机制分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005 (6):120-123.
[65]刘海涛,吴盛亮,王臣.区域循环经济发展模式的系统动力学分析.河北工业科技.2006(23),5:274-276,31.
[66]王辉.不同行为主体在发展循环经济中的努力途径[J].环境保护,2005(1):54-56,60.
[67]刘海涛,吴盛亮,王臣.区域循环经济发展模式的系统动力学分析[J].河北工业科技,2006,23(5):274-276,311.
[68]张广利,李华东.浅论区域循环经济系统及其发展机制[J].现代商业,2007(6):124.
[69]冯长.从发达国家的经验看我国循环经济的发展模式[J].边疆经济与文化,2006(9):37-38.
[70]周宏春,魏际刚,刘丽莉.中国循环经济的发展模式[J].经济参考研究,2006,46:24-32.
[71]于建成.发展循环经济、建设生态城市[J].环境经济杂志,2005(l):71-72.
[72]刘富贵.循环经济的循环模式及结构模型研究[J].工业技术经济,2005,(8):9-12.
[73]诸大建,藏漫丹,朱远.C模式:中国发展循环经济的战略选择[J].中国人口—资源与环境,2005,(6):8—12.
[74]滕先森,朱新峰.大力发展循环经济、加快生态泰安建设—关于泰安市发展循环经济的调研报告[J].泰山学院学报,2005,(1):95-99.
[75]黄贤金,钟太阳.循环经济学学科特征与趋势展望[J].中国人口—资源与环境,2005,(4):5-9.
[76]肖华茂.面向区域的循环经济发展模式设计[J].统计与决策,2007(7):119-121.
[77]任勇,陈燕平,周国梅等.我国循环经济的发展模式[J].中国人口·资源与环境.2005(15),5:137-142.
[78]解振华.大力发展循环经济[J].求是,2003(13):53-55.
[79]冯之浚.论循环经济[J].中国软科学,2004 (10):1-9.
[80]崔如波.构建循环经济发展模式[J].探索,2004(5):86-88.
[81]董战峰.王曼.肖书虎,循环经济参与模式下公众参与问题分析[J].环境科学与管理.2006(31),9:53-55,65.
[82]朱桂平.循环经济发展模式与社会公众参与[J].上海应用技术学院学报.2005(5),1:75-78;
[83]牛文元.循环经济:实现可持续发展的理想经济模式[J].中国科学院院刊,2004(6):408-411.
[84]季昆森.循环经济原理与应用[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2004.
[85]黄贤金.循环经济:产业模式与政策体系[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2004.
[86]黄韬,江永众.循环经济的发展模式与政府导入策略[J].2007.5:142-143.
[87]周纪昌.我国区域循环经济的制度分析[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25(4):11-15.
[88]颜建军,游达明.我国区域循化经济支持保障体系建设研究[J].科学管理研究,2006,24(3):45-47.
[89]王磊,王冬令,高新国.简论区域循环经济之立法促进[J].山东商业职业技术学院学报,2006,6(1):86-88.
[90]王鲁明.区域循环经济发展模式研究[D].中国海洋大学:博士研究生学位论文,2005.
[91]张江汀.区域循环经济理论与应用研究[D].北京交通大学:博士研究生学位论文,2007.
[92]罗希.区域循环经济的产业政策分析[D].北京交通大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[93]胡世清.循环经济技术支撑体系研究与评价[D].武汉理工大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2006.
[94]赵效定.上海立法保障循环经济,人大代表建议推向全国.《新民晚报》,2007-3-7.
[95]韩颖.内蒙古自治区发展循环经济研究[D].北京交通大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[96]刘东红.陕西省循环经济发展的途径与对策研究[D].西安理工大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[97]杨筠.生态建设与区域经济发展研究[D].四川大学:博士研究生学位论文,2005.
[98]王海龙.区域循环经济模式研究[D].昆明理工大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[99]王海龙.区域循环经济模式研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[100]吴季松.循环经济的主要特征[J].石油政工研究,2003,4:61.
[101]彭易成,张霞.循环经济与传统经济学的比较研究[J].现代经济探讨,2007(5):7-10.
[102]姜东明.基于循环经济的区域创新体系研究[D].中国海洋大学:博士研究生学位论文,2008.
[103]肖华茂.区域循环经济发展模式探索[J].工业技术经济:2007,26(1):3-7.
[104]陈丽娜.区域循环经济的理论研究与实证分析[D].武汉理工大学:博士研究生学位论文,2006.
[105]齐建国,尤宗,杨涛.现代循环经济理论与运行机制.北京:新华出版社,2006.
[106]王鲁明.区域循环经济发展模式研究[D].中国海洋大学:博士研究生学位论文,2005.
[107]陈德昌.生态经济学.上海:科学技术文献出版社,2003.
[108]路甬祥.中国可持续发展总纲(第20卷).北京:科学出版社,2007.
[109]滕有正.生态经济学的范畴体系[J].生态经济.1992,(1): 13-1
[110]齐建国,尤宗,杨涛.现代循环经济理论与运行机制[M].北京:新华出版社,2006,11.
[111]云红.西部发展循环经济的制度障碍及创新[D].西北大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[112]李世龙.循环经济运行模式及其制度保障研究[D].重庆大学:硕士研究生学位论文.2006.
[113]黎雪林.我国循环经济的系统分析_评价与管理研究[D].暨南大学:博士研究生学位论文,2007.
[114]朱艳.发展循环经济与我国产业结构调整[D].吉林大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2006.
[115]闫敏.循环经济国际比较研究[M].北京:新华出版社.2006,11.
[116]史宝娟.城市循环经济系统构建及评价方法[D].天津大学:博士研究生学位论文,2006.
[117]苏仑·艾尔克曼著,徐兴元译.工业生态学,北京:经济日报出版社,1999,4.
[118]杨忠直.循环经济的系统结构与运行分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,6(3):49-53.
[119]吴伟,王浣尘,陈明义.略论生态工业系统的运行和控制[J].工业工程与管理,2002(4):1-4.
[120]向来生.循环经济的评价体系探讨.山东科技大学学报,2005,24 (2):1-5.
[121]迟春洁,蒋景楠.循环经济评价指标体系的研究内容和构建思路.技术经济,2006,(02):57.
[122]李王锋,张天柱.资源型城市循环经济评价指标体系研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2005,(8):82-85.
[123]曾嵘,魏一鸣,范英等.人口、资源、环境与经济协调发展的多目标集成模型[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(8):1-5.
[124]张晓军,张均.区域资源环境经济系统联合评价的理论与方法研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006.
[125]刘健.基于循环经济的企业生产价值链分析[J].生态经济(学术版),2007(5):127-129,136.
[126]赵相忠.企业发展循环经济的效应及其动力条件[J].桂林工学院学报.2007(27),3:451-454.
[127]叶文虎.可持续发展引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[128]沈金生.中国循环经济技术支撑体系[D].四川大学:博士研究生学位论文,2007.
[129]郭彬.循环经济评价和激励机制设计[D].天津大学:博士研究生学位论文,2005.
[130]李旭东.循环经济模式下产业发展机理及策略研究[D].河北理工大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2006.
[131]王奇.可持续发展与产业结构创新[J].中国发展,2006(1):28-32.
[132]马凯.贯彻和落实科学发展观,大力推进循环经济发展.中国能源,2005,27(5):4-5,33.
[133]齐建国,尤宗,杨涛.现代循环经济理论与运行机制.北京:新华出版社.2006.
[134]沈洪满.环境经济手段研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.2001.
[135]魏彦杰.基于生态经济价值的可持续经济发展[M].北京:经济科学出版社.2008.
[136]刘传江,侯丽伟.环境经济学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.2006.
[137]张素英.论排污权交易[D].河海大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2003. [138周继昌.区域循环经济的制度分析[C].2005中国可持续发展论坛——中国可持续发展研究会2005年学术年会,176-178.
[139]内蒙古自治区网站,http://intonmg.nmg.gov.cn/index.htm.
[140]内蒙古统计年鉴2007.北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
[141]韩颖.内蒙古自治区发展循环经济研究[D].北京交通大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[142]给古勒其.内蒙古自治区国民经济可持续发展与环境保护问题研究[J].经济科学,2007(2):120-128.
[143]连辑.发展循环经济实现“跨栏式”发展——对建设创新型内蒙古的几点思考[J].今日中国论坛,2007,(1):14-17.
[144]吕清璐.内蒙古构建循环型工业的重点与途径研究[D].内蒙古大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[145]王军花.区域生态产业链规划研究[D].河北工业大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.
[146]韩颖.内蒙古自治区发展循环经济研究[D].北京交通大学:硕士研究生学位论文,2007.