日粮添加二氢杨梅素对肉仔鸡肠道组织形态、微生物菌群及免疫机能的影响
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摘要
为探讨二氢杨梅素(DMY)对肉鸡肠道组织形态及主要细菌菌群生长的影响和对免疫机能、生产性能的作用,共进行了3个试验。
     试验1 研究DMY体外抑菌作用。通过对不同浓度的DMY与土霉素抑菌效果的比较,结果表明,0.1%以上浓度的DMY对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生长均有抑制效果。0.2%的DMY对肠道内大肠杆菌的抑菌效果优于0.075%的土霉素;对沙门氏菌的抑菌效果与0.075%的土霉素相近。
     试验2 选用健康AA肉鸡360只,雌雄各半。随机分为5个处理组(每组6个重复),分别添加0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%DMY。测定各组试验鸡十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度以及空肠、盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双岐杆菌的数量。结果表明,日粮添加0.05%的DMY显著增加空肠绒毛长度,降低十二指肠隐窝的深度(P<0.05);添加0.2%的DMY显著缩短十二指肠绒毛长度(P<0.05):添加0.025%~0.2%的DMY对肉鸡肠道内大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双岐杆菌的生长影响未达显著水平。
     试验3 选用健康AA公肉鸡300只,随机分为5个处理组(每组6个重复)。分别添加0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%DMY。测定试验鸡免疫器官指数;制作免疫器官组织切片观察组织发育情况;测定血清中NDV抗体效价、白细胞介素—1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素—2(IL-2)含量、胴体品质和生产性能。结果表明,日粮添加0.025%~0.05%的DMY能提高肉仔鸡免疫器官指数和ND抗体效价,促进免疫器官组织发育。添加0.1%~0.2%的DMY抑制免疫器官发育。日粮添加0.2%的DMY,21日龄时使肉鸡血清中IL—1β含量显著低于空白对照组和0.05%添加组(P<0.05)。日粮添加0.1%的DMY,21日龄时显著降低肉鸡血清中IL—2含量(P<0.05)。42日龄时,添加0.025%、0.05%的DMY使肉鸡血清中IL—2含量显著低于空白对照组和0.2%的DMY添加组(P<0.05)。日粮添加0.025%的DMY可显著提高公肉鸡平均日增重和采食量,提高饲料转化率。显著提高公肉鸡胴体品质:全净膛率4.0%(P>0.05)和腿肌率15.6%(P<0.05)。
Three experiments were conducted in the present study to investigate effects of dietary dihydromyriectin(DMY) supplementation on intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and immune function of broilers. The results were as followed:
    In experiment 1, DMY antibacterial ability was studied. The results indicated that the 0.1% DMY could suppress the growth of escherichia coil,staphylococcus aureus and salmonella significantly. Antibacterial action of addition of 0.2% DMY on escherichia coil was higher than that of addition of 0.075% terramycin, and there was no difference between the addition of 0.2% DMY and the 0.075% terramycin on antibacterial action to salmonella.
    In experiment 2, 360 AA broilers of either sex were randomly assigned to each of the 5 dietary groups, that were blank control group, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% DMY group, every group had 6 replications. At the 7d, the 14d and the 21d of age, two broilers in each replication were killed for the cultivation of the bacteria in jejunum and cecum and the microscopic section making of duodenum and jejunum at the 21d age. The results indicated that the addition of 0.05% DMY significantly increased the height of villous (P<0.05) in jejunum, and significantly reduced the depth of intestinal gland in duodenum. The addition of 0.2% DMY significantly shortened the height of villous in duodenum. The addition of 0.025%~0.2% DMY had no significant influence on the growth of escherichia coil, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella .
    In experiment 3, 300 AA male broilers were randomly assigned to each of the 5 dietary groups, that were blank control group, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% DMY group, every group had 6 replications. At the 21d and the 42d, the relative weight (%BW) of thymus, bursa and spleen were estimated. Meanwhile, all of the above organs were made the microscopic section respectively. And serum antibody titres to Newscastle Disease virus, serum IL-1 and serum IL-2 were estimated. At the 42d age carcass quality of broilers in each replication were determined. From Id to 42d, the body weight gain and feed intake of each replication were recorded weekly. The results indicated that the addition of 0.025%~0.05% DMY significantly increased the index of thymus and bursa and serum antibody titres to Newscastle Disease virus-And the addition of 0.025%~0.05% DMY could promote the development of immune organs. On the contrary, the addition of 0.1%~0.2% DMY could inhibited the development of immune organs. At the 21d age, broilers received the diets added with the 0.2% DMY had a lower serum IL-1 P than that of the control group and the 0.05% group (P<0.05), the addition of 0.1% DMY had a significant lower (P<0.05) serum IL-2 than that of the control group. The addition of 0.025% DMY and 0.05% DMY group had a significant lower (P<0.05) serum IL-1 than that of the control and the 0.2% DMY group at the 42d age. The addition of 0.025% DMY could improve average daily gain (P<0.05), feed intake, the feed conversion ratio, carcass quality of the male chicks-percentage of thigh muscle increased by 15.6% (PO.05).
引文
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