摘要
20世纪90年代以来,人们将本体的概念引入人工智能、知识工程和图书情报领域。在这些领域中,本体研究是关于知识概念表示和知识组织体系方面的研究。在图书情报领域,本体通常是指一套有关某一学科或某一领域的术语词表,以及术语之间关系的规范和说明。
本文在调研了国内外大量文献和网页的基础上,全面研究探索了2004年以来本体技术的理论与方法的最新成果和研究进展。阐述并介绍了国内外关于本体研究的发展现状,应用领域、主要研究机构和研究内容,探讨了本体构建的相关理论,热点领域和主要技术方法。对本体技术的标准化,基于本体的语义标注,顶级本体的OWL转化进行了深入的分析、试验、测试,对10个本体构建技术中的热点问题进行了系统的阐述和比较研究。并基于此,提出了“关于本体的本体论”。阐述了领域本体构建的复杂性以及作为知识组织体系所具有的应用前景。
大规模本体开发环境原型系统(LODE)以博士期间构建的花卉学文献试验性本体系统为基础,以农业叙词表为中心知识库的基础,采用OpenCyc开放源代码项目进行OWL DL的转化作为顶级本体,利用Oracle数据库应用程序设计实现了相应的知识录入界面与语义标注功能。本研究探索并总结了构建领域本体应用系统的途径与方法。
通过理论与实证分析,本文得出以下结论:
(1)通过对10个本体构建技术热点问题的阐述和揭示,提出了本体构建和本体应用是一对互为辩证关系的矛盾统一体。本体的构建与应用亟待标准化和规范化。
(2)通过OWL DL的转化研究,与SUMO顶级本体相比,Cyc顶级本体是逻辑结构更为合理的顶级本体系统。但是很显然,现在仍然没有一种顶级本体系统能够满足构建领域本体的全部要求。
(3) LODE原型系统以多人协作构建本体为目的,开发了知识录入功能和语义标注功能,并在检索方面开展了进一步探索。在现阶段,文献数据库中的概念标引,利用本体表示语言向知识库中添加概念等工作虽然仍需要手工辅助,但在博士论文的基础上,开发了LODE原型系统的自动语义标注功能,实实在在地将这项研究向前推进了一步。
本文研究的意义在于全面系统地将本体构建技术的关键性问题、理论和方法进行了深入的阐述,通过设计并构建基于花卉学领域本体模型和农业叙词表的原型系统,探索大规模、多人协同构建本体系统的方法和流程,为本体方法在图书情报领域、知识工程领域的应用提供了范例。
全文中正文文字部分约13余万字,图79幅,表10个,附录1个,参考文献231篇。
Since 1990s,ontology has been introduced in Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering and Library & Information sciences.Ontology learning includes the research on knowledge representation and knowledge organization in the domains mentioned above.In Library & Information science,ontology is a vocabulary with the specification of relationships between terms about a special domain.
The latest fruits of ontological theory and method have been described systematically on the basis of intensive investigation of large number of documents and web pages on ontology learning in this report since 2004.The fact,trends,applications,main technologies,institutes which majoring in this field have all been discussed in this report.Standardization of ontological technology,semantic annotation based-on ontology,and top ontology transformation in OWL DL,have been studied,tested and analyzed deeply. Ten hot issues in ontology construction have been discovered."Ontology on ontology" had been provided.
Based on floricultural literature tentative ontology-based prototype, agricultural thesauri based knowledge base,and opencyc open source project based top ontology,LODE(Large ontology Development Environment) has been developed.Oracle DB technology and.NET have been used in developing the functions of knowledge entrance and semantic annotation.The general approach of domain ontology construction had been studied and summarized.
There are some conclusions as following:
(1) Ontology construction and ontology application is a pair of contradictory unity based on the discovery of 10 hot issues in ontological theory and practice.
(2) Cyc ontology is a more logical top ontology than SUMO based on the transformation and comparison between these two top ontologies from OWL Full to OWL DL.
(3) LODE aims at collaborative development.The functions of knowledge entrance and semantic annotation have been developed.The searching function is under developing.Though manual work is still in need,the research in this field has really been promoted.
The important significance of this report is the introducing of key issues in ontology theory and realizing an ontology-based demo system in library and information fields in China.LODE can be used as a paradigm in the fields for future relevant research.
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