摘要
本试验以紫花苜蓿(金黄后品种)和黄瓜(神农5号和津育1号品种)为材料，研究了鞘氨醇(sphingosine)处理对紫花苜蓿和黄瓜愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响，以及在干旱及温度胁迫中对某些生理指标的影响。结果表明，在诱导初期，无论是低于0.1mg／L鞘氨醇对紫花苜蓿的处理，还是0.15mg／L、0.3mg／L和0.6mg／L浓度鞘氨醇对黄瓜愈伤组织的处理，对愈伤组织的诱导均没有明显作用。在黄瓜两个品种中，0.6mg／L鞘氨醇处理可以促进黄瓜愈伤组织的再分化。
鞘氨醇对愈伤组织SOD、POD等4种酶活性的影响。0.06mg／L鞘氨醇处理使紫花苜蓿愈伤组织的SOD活性显著升高，0.02mg／L鞘氨醇处理可使POD活性明显增加。鞘氨醇处理黄瓜愈伤组织，虽然在愈伤组织诱导初期使SOD和POD酶活性出现高峰，但诱导后期均趋于下降。
在聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟的渗透胁迫下，鞘氨醇处理组中紫花苜蓿愈伤组织POD活性、黄瓜愈伤组织SOD活性以及游离脯氨酸含量均高于对照组。水分胁迫72h，鞘氨醇处理使得紫花苜蓿愈伤组织可溶性糖和蛋白质含量增加，其中0.06mg／L浓度的处理使糖和蛋白质含量分别增加10％和25％。
黄瓜愈伤组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量在水分胁迫前期经鞘氨醇处理后变化缓慢，之后变化幅度较大；低温胁迫下，对照组MDA含量的增加较0.6mg／L鞘氨醇处理的快，说明鞘氨醇可以适当降低低温胁迫下MDA的累积，增强植物对低温的适应性。在水分胁迫中，黄瓜愈伤组织蛋白激酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势，处理组酶活性高峰的出现时间较对照晚，说明鞘氨醇在一定程度上抑制了蛋白激酶。这些均可以说明在一定浓度鞘氨醇处理下，紫花苜蓿和黄瓜两种植物的愈伤组织均增加了其在逆境当中的适应性，提高了耐胁迫的能力。
Medicago sativa L.and Cucumis sativus L.were used in the experiment. After the treatment with sphingosine, the effects of the induction and the differentiation of callus and that of the drought and temperature stresses on some physiologic indexes were investigated. The experiment results showed that sphingosine have no influence on the can inhibit the the inductivity of callus in, and 0.6 mg/L sphingosine can increase the rate of differentiation. In the effect of sphingosine on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase(POD) etc, the results indicated that during the induction the callus treated with sphingosine of 0.06 mg/L showed higher SOD activity and 0.02 mg/L showed h-igher POD activity. During the induction of Cucumis sativus L. with 0.15 mg/L, 0.3 m g/L or 0.6 mg/L sphingosine treated, the enzyme activities of SOD and POD appeare d a peak, but in the late stage the activities decreased.Under the osmotic stress induced by PEG, sphingosine enhanced the activity of POD, SOD of callus in Cucumis sativus Land the content of proline. Under water stress condition, sphingosine made the content of soluble sugar and protein of callus in Medicago sativa L. increased, and sphingosine of 0.6 mg/L made the content of soluble sugar and the protein increased 10 % and 25 %, respectively.Malondialdehyde (MDA) of callus in Cucumis sativus L.changed slowly in the earlier stage, but later it changed quikly and the range of variation enlarged; under the low temperature stress, MDA content of the control went up quickly than the callus treated. This illustrated that sphingosine can properly decreased the accumulation of MDA and enhanced the adaptability to low temperature. Following the prolong of water stress's time, protein kinase activity increased earlier and decreased later, and sphingosine delayed the appearance of the peak of activity. It showed that to a certain extent sphingosine inhibited protein kinase. In a word, with the treatment of some concentration, sphingosine can enhance the adaptability of Medicago sativa L. and cucumber under the adversity and improve the capability of anti-threatening.
引文
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