摘要
水路输送是军队作战与非战争军事行动中军事力量投送的重要方式,也是军队现代综合保障能力建设的重要方面。水路输送转运,由于时间空间跨度大、影响因素广、关联环节多、方案制订实施难,已成为制约现代岛礁作战与完成非战争军事行动任务的关键。本文针对水路输送转运方案制订中涉及的转运基地选址、军事力量分配、保障路径确定、装卸设施设备与载运工具配置等关键决策问题,采用性能评估、建模优化与仿真三种决策支持技术进行研究。
首先,本文针对目前优化方法解决上述问题的局限性,从水路输送转运系统多因素、离散性特点入手,在对水路输送转运战例、作业过程系统分析的基础上,提出了转运基地灰色评估、保障路径离散选址分配优化求解三阶段集成优化方法,解决了军事力量水路输送转运中选址、分配与路径优化问题。
其次,在分析转运基地影响因素的基础上,建立了灰色关联评估模型,对转运基地各种因素进行量化评估,确定出备选转运基地,避免了选址模型带来的性能缺失问题。在此基础上,基于动态规划思想给出了转运基地保障路径GIS搜索算法,解决了输送转运地域内节点众多条件下保障路径敏捷求解问题。
第三,建立了离散选址基本模型,并论证了该模型的可解性。通过对基本模型目标函数中各种参数的求解变换,构建了转运基地离散选址分配优化模型,解决了基本模型参数与输送转运控制参数的差异问题,满足了实际问题需要。
第四,设计了求解算法并实施验证。通过对遗传算法改进,设计了求解运输供需平衡问题的演化遗传算法。根据该算法编写MATLAB程序经与LINGO对比分析,证明该算法在求解变量数目、约束个数方面有优势,可通过调整遗传参数达到所需精度,适应较大规模的计算。在此基础上,基于具体算例进行了模型求解,根据目标函数与约束条件中控制参数变化,进行了灵敏度分析。
最后,进行了水路输送转运系统装卸设施设备与舰船配置仿真分析。构建了军事力量水路输送装、运、卸随机服务网络,建立了舰船与装卸机械匹配解析模型。基于ExtendSim仿真平台构建了系统装卸设施设备与舰船配置仿真结构模型,通过对仿真参数优化分析,确定了舰船与装卸设施设备的配置参数。
Waterborne transportation is not only an important way of delivering military force in non-war military operations and military operations,but also an important aspect of capacity- building of modern army integrated protection. Due to large time and space span, mass influence factors and related links, and difficulty in formulating and implementing, water transport transit has already become a constraint in modern reefs combat and a key point to completing non-war military operation mission. In this dissertation, we focus on the key decision problems involved in the solution formulation of water transportation transit, including the terminal location, military power distribution, driving path selection, loading and delivery facilities deployment. These problems are completely studied by three kinds of decision support technology: performance evaluation, modeling optimization and simulation.
Firstly, an integrated three-phase discrete optimization method is proposed for water terminal location selection and resource allocation. Against the limitations of the current optimization methods to solve the problems above and understanding that the water transportation transit system is characterized by multi factors and discrete type, this paper , this paper proposes three-stage integrated optimization method, including gray assessment for transit base, path searching guarantee, discrete location assignment optimization for solving based on the systematic cases analysis of sea transportation transit war and operating process, and finally conquer the problems of military sea transportation transit location, distribution and path optimization.
Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the effecting factors of transit bases, the paper establishes the assessment of gray correlation model, which conducts quantitative evaluation of those various factors, identifies alternative transit bases, and avoids the performance loss problems caused by the site choice model. In addition, based on the“transit bases protection path GIS searching algorithm”induced by dynamic planning idea, this paper solves the quick travel path calculation problem induced by mass interior nodes among delivery and transit region.
Thirdly, a basic model of discrete locations has been built, and the solvability of the model has been proven. Through solving transformation of the parameters in basic model objective function, a the discrete choice and allocation optimization model is built for transit bases to avoid the differences between basic model parameters and transit delivery control parameters
Fourthly, design the algorithm and implement verification. Through improving the genetic algorithm, The evolution of genetic algorithm is designed to solve the transport supply and demand balance problem. Compared with the LINGO, the MATLAB codes based on this algorithm show advantage of mass variables and constrain condition solving. It can be adjusted to achieve the required accuracy to meet the requirement of large-scale calculations. Furthermore, based on the specific examples, I conduct computation, adjust control parameters according to the objective function and constraints, and carry out sensitivity analysis.
Finally, simulation analysis is conducted among the loading facilities and vessels deployment in waterway transport system. The military force waterway transport is constructed concering loading, delivery and unloading stochastic service network,and the analytical model has been built up among vessel and loading and unloading machinery deployment. Based on the ExtendSim simulation platform, the simulation structural model is conducted concerning system vessel and loading and unloading machinery deployment. Through analysis, the configuration parameters are determined among vessel and loading and unloading machinery.
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