摘要
电力系统数字仿真已成为电力系统规划、设计、运行、分析与控制的主要工具,通过数字仿真直接得出对规划方案、运行方式、控制策略、装置性能肯定或否定的评价。
随着电力电子、微电子和微处理器等技术的发展,各种新型的一次和二次设备不断投入运行,电力工业体制的转变和系统控制理论的发展需要模拟新的调控策略;基于固定模型的传统仿真软件已不能适应新的要求,迫切需要提高仿真软件的开放性建模能力。大区域互联使电网的安全稳定裕度减小,系统的各种数学模型接近或处于病态,电力市场的形成和发展使系统的运行越来越接近极限条件,数字仿真结果对模型和参数更加敏感;从而迫切需要分析模型的准确性对大规模电力系统数字仿真结果的影响。本文围绕用户自定义建模技术(开放性建模)和发电机模型中转速简化处理对暂态稳定计算的影响(模型准确性)进行了研究。
用户自定义建模技术在国内外大型电力系统数字仿真软件中已有所应用,实现方案各不相同。本文深入研究了用户自定义建模技术的基本原理、数学描述形式、求解算法以及潮流计算和暂态计算中主系统和用户系统迭代求解方法,以电力系统数字仿真商业软件为例,分析了不同建模技术的优缺点。
用户模型模拟方法和接口处理是用户自定义建模技术中的两大关键环节,目前通常采取按物理属性分类模拟方法,导致接口处理复杂。本文提出一种基于主系统状态的用户系统等效模拟方法,将用户系统对网络的影响等效为串联电压源和阻抗、并联电压源和阻抗以及变压器/移相器变比变化,然后依据主系统状态将上述等效转换为相关节点注入量的改变,从而允许不修改主系统导纳阵的情况下考虑用户系统对主系统网络的影响,大大简化了主系统和用户系统的接口。提出一种通过6个字段表征接口变量的方法,进一步简化了人机界面的设置。本文在MATLAB环境下开发了具有用户自定义建模功能的电力系统数字仿真计算程序,包括潮流计算、暂态数字积分和暂态稳定量化分析;实例仿真表明了实现方案的有效性和可行性。
FASTEST是一优秀的电力系统暂态安全量化分析软件,开放式建模是其发展的必然要求;MATLAB堪称数值计算、建模、仿真软件中的典范,应用越来越广。本文对MATLAB的开放性和其与FASTEST协同完成计算任务的可能性进行了研究,提出了FASTEST和MATLAB计算引擎链接的方案,从而部分实现了FASTEST的UDM功能,大大提高了FASTEST的建模灵活性。为丰富FASTEST建模方式,本文提出通过动态链接库实现FASTEST调用用户程序的方案,并研究了通过内存文件代替磁盘文件进行数据交换的处理方法。用户程序功能的实现提供给用户更多的选择,使FASTESTT成为一个更具灵活性、功能更加强大的开放性计算平台。仿真结果说明实现方案的可行性和有效性。
Power system digital simulation is believed as an indispensable tool for power system planning, design, operation, analysis, control etc. The simulation results are normally regarded as authoritative opinions, by which the planning schemes, dispatch plans, control strategies, and equipments performances are evaluated.With the development of power electronics, microprocessors, and microelectronics, new equipments are beginning to emerge. With the restructuring of the electric power industry, new regulating strategies come to front. All these have led to a sharp increase in the need for power system digital simulation software packages to count for these new models. With the development towards an open market and interconnection, the operating condition of transmission systems will be more uncertain, and the physical flows on the system will be harder to control. All these factors drive modern power transmission systems to operate closer and closer to their physical limits and increase the complexity of assessing and controlling the security. Under this circumstance, results of digital simulation are more sensitive to system models and parameters. It is an urgency matter to study the effects of models on simulation results. In this dissertation, studies on user-defined modeling(UDM) and effects of speed variations in generator model on power system transient stability are carried out.UDM has been adopted by several famous power system digital simulation software packages with different implementation methods, such as NETOMAC, TSAT, ETAP, PSASP, etc. In this dissertation, UDM's basic principle, mathematic model and solving method have been deeply studied, and iteration solving scheme of UDM in power flow calculation and transient calculation is also investigated. Take aforementioned software packages as an example, the differences, the advantages and disadvantages of different ones are studied.User system modeling method and interface between main system and user system are two key parts of UDM. At present, user systems are usually sorted to different classes according to their physical attributes, which leads to complex interface. In this dissertation, an equivalent modeling method based on main system status is presented, it treats the effects of UDM on main system network, including structure and parameters, as parallel voltage source and impendence, series voltage source and impendence, or variation of transformer ratio, then change the equivalent voltages, impendences and transformer's ratio variation to injections of corresponding nodes. It allows to calculate UDM without changing main system's Jacobian matrix, which can reduce the complexity of interface largely. A power system digital simulation program with UDM function is developed in MATLAB circumstance, including power flow calculation, transient digital integration and transient stability quantitative analysis.FASTEST is a unique and rigorously quantitative method for transient stability analysis. MATLAB, which is an excellent tool for numerical calculation, modeling and
引文
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