摘要
2001-2002年，在河南省襄城县烟草研究所通过盆栽和大田试验，就不同磷肥用量和不同磷肥种类对烤烟的生物学、生理性状、产质量的影响进行了研究，试验结果如下：
1．磷肥用量试验研究
在施磷量(以P_2O_5计)0-123.75kg／hm~2范围内，增施磷肥能明显改善烟株的生物学、生理性状，超过这个范围，效果减小。
施磷可以降低根、叶中氮浓度，茎中变化规律不明显，根、茎、叶中氮的绝对含量均相应增加；随施磷量增加，根、茎、叶中磷浓度、绝对含量均逐渐增加，施磷降低了磷素在地上部的分配比例；随施磷量增加，根、茎、叶中钾的浓度和绝对含量均逐渐增加。
适当施磷可以增加烟叶的总糖、还原糖、蛋白质、P、K含量，降低烟叶烟碱、总氮、Cl~-含量；施磷促进了烟叶对Ca、B吸收，对Fe、Cu的吸收影响规律不明显。而Mn、Zn则随施磷量增加先上升后下降；适当增施磷肥可以增加烟叶香气物质含量和有机酸含量，82.5kg／hm~2处理效果最佳，其次是41.25kg／hm~2处理；施磷对高级脂肪酸的影响具有两面性，饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量随施磷量增加均先增加又下降。
适当增施磷肥有效提高了烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例和净收益。41.25kg／hm~2处理的磷效率和磷肥利用率最高，随施磷量继续增加，磷效率和磷肥利用率下降。
总之，从生物学、生理性状来看，123.75kg／hm~2处理比较好，但从提高烟叶内在质量、生产效益和经济施肥两方面考虑，在我省褐土区植烟土壤上施磷量在41.25-82.5kg／hm~2范围内是比较适宜的。
2．磷肥种类试验研究
褐土区不同磷肥种类和用量对烤烟生长发育、产量、质量的影响研究
在改善作物生物学、生理性状方面，以重过磷酸钙处理最佳，其次是
普钙、二铰，钙镁磷肥处理的效果最差。
重过磷酸钙能提高烟叶总糖、还原糖、蛋白质、P、K含量，降低烟碱、
总氮、CI’，并有效提高钾／氯比和糖／碱比，其次为普钙、H铰，最后为钙镁
磷肥。重过磷酸钙促进了烟株对Fe、Mn、Zn的吸收，依次为普钙、H镣、
钙镁磷肥。对Ca的吸收表现为钙镁磷肥＞普钙＞重过磷酸钙＞H镣。对Mg
：的吸收，依次为钙镁磷肥＞重过磷酸钙＞普钙＞二按。
磷肥种类对烟叶香气物质、有机酸含量也有影响，以香气物质（不含
哨跺）总量和有机酸总量看，重过磷酸钙＞普钙＞二铰＞钙镁磷肥处理。试验
结果还表明，以二铰处理的饱和脂肪酸含量最高，依次为普钙、钙镁磷肥
和重钙。不饱和脂肪酸以重钙、二铰、普钙、钙镁磷肥四个处理逐渐降低。
磷肥种类不同，产量、上等烟比例、产值、净收益、磷肥当季利用率
均表现为重钙处理大于普钙，其次是二镀，钙镁磷肥的效果最差。
总之，从不同磷肥种类对烤烟的生物学、生理性状和烟叶内在质量（常
规化学成分、香气物质、有机酸X 产量、产值、上等烟比例、净收益的影
响和磷肥利用率来看，重过磷酸钙优于普钙，其次是二按，而钙镁磷肥效
果最差。
Experiments in pot and field were carried out during 2001-2002 to study the effect of different rates and types of phosphorus fertilizer on biological characteristics, physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of flue-cured tobacco on cinnamon soil with NC89 at XiangCheng tobacco company henna province. The results were as follows: 1. Effect of different phosphorus application rate on the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
Within the range of 0-123kg/hm2 phosphorus, phosphorus improve the biological characteristic and physiological characteristic of the tobacco plants distinctly. The function was diminished when the amount of phosphorus fertilizer utilization was over 123kg/hm2.
Phosphorus reduced the density of the nitrogen in the root and leaf. The change law of the density of nitrogen is not very obvious in the stem. The absolute content of the nitrogen increases correspondingly in the root, stem and leaf. With the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application quantity, the density and absolute content of PiOs increase correspondingly gradually in the root ,stem and leaf. Application of the phosphorus fertilizer reduced the plain allocation proportion of the part on the ground of phosphorus.
Proper phosphorus can increase the content of total sugar, reduce sugar, protein, phosphorus, and kalium of tobacco leaves. Decline the content of the nicotine, cl" and total nitrogen and promoted the absorption of Ca and B of the tobacco leaves. It doesn't influence obviously the absorption laws of Fe and Cu to apply the phosphorus fertilizer, the content of Mn and Zn have the downward trend after rises with the increase application of phosphorus quantity . The proper phosphorus can increase the content of aroma matter and organic acid. The effect of 82.5Kg/hm2 is the best.,41.25Kg/hm2is better. The phosphorus has two sides effect on fatty acid. The content of saturation fatty acid and unrighted acid are increase first and then decline with phosphorus increasing.
The proper phosphorus fertilizer application can improve effectively yield, production
The proper phosphorus fertilizer application can improve effectively yield, production value, first-class tobacco proportions and net income. 41.25Kg/hrn2 Phosphorus on the phosphorus efficiency and phosphorus fertilizer utilization ratio is biggest. Phosphorus efficiency and phosphorus fertilizer utilization ratio decline with the increase in amount of fertilizer.
With the biological characteristic and physiological characteristic of the tobacco, 125.75/hm2 Phosphorus application quantity is better. But thought from the inherent quality of tobacco leaf , productivity effect and economy applies fertilizer , within the range of 41.25-82.5kg/hm2 phosphorus on the cinnamon soil of henan province is optimum combination. 2. Effect of different phosphorus types on the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
In improving the biologic and physiological character of plants .triple super phosphate is the best. The calcium magnesium phosphate is the worst.
The triple superphosphate can raise the content of total sugar, reduce sugar ,protein and P2Os,K+ of the tobacco, and decline the content of nicotine, cl" and total nitrogen . What's more, the triple super phosphate has raised the rate of total sugar and nicotine and K/C1. , ordinary superphosphate and two hydrogen ammonium of phosphoric acid are the better, the calcium magnesium phosphate is at last. The triple superphosphate has promoted of absorption of Fe, Mn and Zn of tobacco, sequence with ordinary superphosphate, two hydrogen ammonium of phosphoric acid and calcium phosphate. The absorption of Ga is in such order as calcium phosphate> ordinary superphosphate > triple superphosphate > two hydrogen ammonium. The absorption of Mg is in such order as calcium phosphate> triple superphosphat> ordinary superphosphat > two hydrogen ammonium.
There is influence on the content of aroma material and organic sour of tobacco leaf with the different phosphorus fertilizer types. Seen from total amount of the aroma material and t
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