摘要
论文以K326等4个主栽烤烟品种为材料,设置不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子,研究了60Co-γ射线辐射对烤烟种子活力、植株生长发育、抗病能力、产量品质形成、光合特性和磷钙吸收等的影响,探索了60Co-Y射线辐射复烤原烟的醇化效果。结果表明：
(1)10-100Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射烤烟种子,能显著提高种子发芽率与发芽势、促进烟株生长和减轻病害,而过高辐射剂量处理烤烟种子则使种子活力降低、抑制烟株生长。新种子与陈种子对60Co-γ射线辐射的响应存在显著差异,适宜剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理隔年陈种子能提高种子的发芽率和发芽势到接近新种子的水平。
(2)60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对烟株光合生理、磷钙代谢影响显著。20Gy以下低辐射剂量显著提高了烤烟叶片气孔导度、净光合速率和水分利用效率,改善了光合特性,进而促进了烟株生长；而30Gy以上高辐射剂量则降低了烤烟叶片的净光合速率,使烤烟生长受到抑制。应用32P、45Ca跟踪测定磷、钙吸收与代谢,发现10-20Gy的适宜辐射剂量改变了烤烟磷、钙的吸收代谢,使烟株对磷、钙的吸收与积累增加；而30Gy以上的过高剂量则明显地抑制了烟株磷、钙吸收与积累。
(3)60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对烤烟产量和品质影响显著。20Gy以下低辐射剂量使烟叶及上等烟叶产量显著提高,烟叶中总糖和还原性糖含量略有降低,氮含量和烟碱含量略有提高,糖碱比和碱氮比趋向协调,评吸品质改善；而30Gy以上高辐射剂量则降低了烤烟产量和品质。
(4)60co-γ射线辐射处理复烤原烟对烟叶醇化过程具有显著的影响。适宜剂量辐射处理复烤原烟后,随醇化时间的延长,烟碱变小,总糖与还原糖下降,总氮和蛋白质降低,烟叶化学品质显著提高,评吸品质明显改善。但不同部位烟叶最适辐射剂量不同,上部烟叶最适辐射剂量为3-6KGy、中部烟叶为3KGy,而杀菌要求的辐射剂量高于品质醇化,6-12KGy基本上能保证烟叶在醇化过程中维持较理想的杀菌效果。
(5)基于60Co-γ射线辐射对烤烟品质的影响和主成分分析方法构建了γ射线波动模型和烤烟品质综合评价模型,并对不同剂量60C0-γ射线辐射处理种子和处理复烤原烟的效果进行了综合评价,10-20Gy剂量处理种子最有利于综合品质提高,3-6KGy剂量处理复烤原烟最有利于烟叶醇化。
综合60Co-γ射线辐射对种子活力、烟株生长、产量品质形成和复烤原烟醇化的影
响,确定60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子的适宜剂量为10-20Gy,处理复烤原烟的适宜剂量为3-6KGy,有利于综合品质提高和烟叶醇化。
In order to investigate the effect of60Co-y ray radiation on Flue-cured Tobacco seed vigor, growth and development, disease and pest resistance, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality, absorption of phosphorus and calcium and alcoholization on first roast tobacco with different60Co-y ray treatments at the K326etc main cultivate flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) breeds, the results showed that:
(1) The dose of10-100Gy60Co-γ ray radiation could significantly increase the seed germination potential, germination rate, promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco and reduced disease. And exorbitant dose of60Co-y ray radiation treatment of seeds reduced seed vigor and inhibited the growth of flue-cured tobacco.It was significantly different to the effect of Co-y ray radiation on new and old seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco.The suitable dose of60Co-y ray radiation treatment could increase germination potential and germination rate of old seed measure up to similar new seed level.
(2) The effect of60Co-y ray irradiated tobacco seed was significantly. The60Co-y ray dose below20Gy could improve the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and WUE etc, it can improve photosynthetic characteristic and growth of tobacco plant, but above30Gy high dose of60Co-y could reduce the photosynthetic characteristic, impede the growth of flue-cured tobacco. By using the of32P,45Ca isotopic tracer technology, it found that, in seedling stage of tobacco,10-20Gy dose60Co-y ray radiation was in favor of flue-cured tobacco on phosphorus absorption, but the above30Gy high dose of60Co-y ray radiation could impede the absorption of phosphorus and calcium.
(3)60Co-y ray irradiated tobacco seed significantly outcome the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Appropriate60Co-y ray (10-20Gy) on tobacco seed could significantly improve total leaf yield, superior leaf yield and quality, few increase the total nitrogen and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco, but reduce the total sugar and reduce sugar content, coordinate the total suguar/nicotine and nicotine/nitrogen. It coordinated the chemical components and improved smoking score quality. Above30Gy high dose of60Co-γ can reduce the yield, benefit and quality of tobacco.
(4) The effect of60Co-y ray irradiated first roast tobacco could significantly change the alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco. Appropriate does of60Co-y ray could reduce nicotine, total sugar, reduce sugar, total nitrogen and protein content along of alcoholization time. It improved the chemical components and smoking score quality. The different leaf arrangement had its appropriate does.3-6KGy in the upper leaves and3KGy in the middle leaves had the better effect. The effect of sterilization was high than the alcoholization for the dose of60Co-y ray irradiated tobacco leaf. The effects of sterilization increased with the doses of radiation;6-12KGy could ensure the effect of sterilization during the alcoholization process.
(5) Based on the effect of60Co-y ray irradiated on flue-cured tobacco quality and principal component analysis, the model of y ray wave and tobacco quality complex evaluation model were constructed. It evaluated the effect of different does of60Co-γ ray irradiated on flue-cured tobacco seed and first roast tobacco. Appropriate60Co-γ ray (10Gy and20Gy) on tobacco seed could significantly improve complex quality,3-6KGy on first roast tobacco could promote the effect of sterilization during the alcoholization process.
In conclusion, the effect of60Co-y ray irradiated on seed vatality, plant growth, yeild and quality establishment, and alcoholization of first roast tobacco, the result showed the appropriate dose of60Co-y ray on tobacco seed was10-20Gy, and for first roast tobacco alcoholization was3-6KGy, which could significantly improve complex quality and promote the effect of sterilization during the alcoholization process.
引文
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