摘要
考虑到开敞式码头处于开敞水域,风、浪、流条件比较恶劣,码头的泊稳条件极其复杂,难以用一般理论进行研究和计算。而泊稳条件关系到船舶的安全作业、港口的安全生产,对其展开深入研究具有重要的现实意义。
本文采用理论分析和物理模型试验相结合方法,研究系泊船舶在波浪、潮流作用下的船舶运动量、系缆力和撞击能量。
波浪作用下,船体作六个自由度刚体运动,当船舶远离码头时,缆绳拉开受力;当船舶向码头方向运动时,船舶撞击码头,对码头产生一定的作用。因此展开对船舶运动的研究,可以为后面的系缆力和撞击能量的研究作准备。根据船舶运动微分方程,求出船舶运动量的解析解,分析出影响船舶运动的要素。通过船舶物理模型试验,研究船舶运动量随各要素的变化规律,并利用大量的试验数据拟合出船舶运动量的经验公式。
船舶系缆力是由船舶运动引起缆绳张开受力产生的,依照船舶运动量的研究思路,通过模型试验,分析船舶系缆力随各环境要素的变化规律,并着重缆绳因素的影响,分析不同缆绳刚度和松紧度时,系缆力的变化情况,给出经验公式。船舶撞击能量是由船舶自身特性和船舶运动量共同决定,通过模型试验,分析各要素对其产生的影响,给出经验公式。
船舶除了受波浪的作用外,还受到潮流的作用。潮流流向和流速的变化,使船舶对码头的作用也发生变化。通常情况下,拢流作用时,船舶向码头方向挤靠,摩擦并挤压护弦产生挤靠力。开流作用时,船舶远离码头,产生系缆力。本文通过物理模型试验,分析潮流作用下,船舶挤靠力和系缆力随潮流要素和船舶特性的变化规律。
在详细研究波浪、潮流作用下的泊稳条件后,引用两个工程实例,对上述运动规律以及总结出的经验公式进行验证,最后给出全文的研究结论。
Taking into account open terminal located in the open water where the condition of wind wave and current is complex, the docking condition is difficult to research by gerneral theory. But ship operation and port safe production is related to docking condition so that its in-depth study plays a significant role in practical project.
The paper deals with ship movement, mooring line foces, impact energy under irregular waves and current through theoretical analysis and model test.
Under the wave action, ship moves to six degrees of freedom. The ship stand-off from the terminal, resulting in considerable force in the mooring line; the ship pushs against the terminal, resulting in impact energy. So study for the ship movement is the preparation for other research. According to the equation of ship movement, analytical solution is calculated which provides the elements related to the ship movement. And then analyze the regular pattern of ship movement changing with the elements, empirical formula is presented.
Mooring line forces is produced by the ship movement which makes the lines stretched. In accordance with the same method, the regular pattern of mooring line forces changing with every element is analyzed by model test, and empirical formula is presented.
Ship impact energy depends on ship characteristics and movemet, through the analysis of the model test, the regular pattern of impact energy changing by elements is given on the basis of which empirical formula is presented.
Except waves action, ship is also affected by current action. The different current direction and velocity makes the different function. In general, when the current pushes the ship to the terminal, the ship squeeze the terminal, when in the opposite direction, mooring line forces produce. Through analysis of model test, the regular pattern of squeezing forces and mooring line forces are given.
In detailed study of docking condition under wave and current action, two examples of projects are cited to verify the pattern and formula. Research conclution is given at last.
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