摘要
本文针对工业油罐底泥脉冲喷射清洗、油泥生成机理及资源化综合处理进行研究。首次提出利用自激脉冲射流的聚能效果进行油罐底泥清洗，通过建立非定常液汽两相流空化模型，对自激喷嘴内部流场进行数值模拟，揭示了自激振荡腔的脉冲发生机理，进而建立自激脉冲喷嘴数值优化理论，并通过自激喷嘴优化模型试验加以验证。针对油罐油泥沉降、分离及资源化综合利用等工程问题，进行了相关理论和技术的试验研究，建立了油泥沉降模型，通过试验总结出油泥分离及资源化综合利用的成套技术。
论文从工业应用背景出发，对油罐自动清洗技术及油泥分离技术的发展现状，以及国内外相关研究理论尤其是射流清洗理论进行了综述。第二章建立了定常空化射流数值模拟理论，主要讨论了利用双流体模型进行定常空化模拟的控制方程、方程离散、坐标变换、液汽两相流SIMPLE解法等，特别讨论了利用汽体密度分数进行相间压力分摊的必要性。第三章针对所提出的低压大流量自激脉冲清洗方式及自激脉冲喷嘴，建立了非定常二维空化数值模拟理论，对原空化模型进行了改进，通过对空化发生后腔内压力、速度及体积分数场的分区，揭示了自激脉冲射流发生机理。第四章讨论空化发生前，喷嘴结构参数及运行参数对激振效果的影响，提出自激喷嘴的数值优化理论。第五章通过试验对自激喷嘴优化模型加以验证。第六章进行油泥沉降试验研究，建立油泥沉降模型，揭示了油泥形成的层积机理。第七章深入探讨了油泥减量化的层次、内涵及其数学模型。确立了以“罐内油泥减量化、清罐油泥燃料化及焦化处理技术”为主的资源化发展方向。第八章总结了全文研究成果，并提出了进一步研究方向。
The technologies of pulse jet cleaning, sludge forming and resourceful treatment for the industrial oil tank bottom sludge have been studied. A new pulse jet method of cleaning bottom sludge is first proposed. The unsteady cavitations model is set up and the self-excited pulse jet chamber is simulated. The mechanism of self-excited pulse action is discovered and the numerical optimize design theory of the self-excited nozzle therefore is promoted. The model experiment of self-excited nozzle has been conducted to verify the theories. Other experiments of the theories and the technologies have also been done for the proposal of settlement, separating and synthesized utilizing the industrial oil tank bottom sludge. The settlement model of the oil tank is set. A complete set of technology of the bottom oil sludge treatment is proposed.
The introduction in Chapter 1 concludes the technologies of the treatment of bottom oil sludge. The latest development on it has been summarized. In Chapter 2, the numerical theory of steady cavitations has been set up by the studying of the two-fluid model of liquid and vapor. The control equations are put forward and the method of equations segregating, the mesh grid transformation and SIMPLE for two-phase fluid is promoted. The method of sharing pressure by mass fraction is discussed especially. In chapter 3, unsteady cavitations model is presented and improved also. The mechanism of the self-excited pulse is opened through the dividing the pressure zone, velocity and the volume fraction zone. In chapter 4, the effects of the nozzle construction and the operating parameters to the self excitation before the cavitations actions have been discussed. In chapter 5, the verification has been made by the experiment. In chapter 6, the settlement experiment of the oil tank has been done and the mechanism of layer settlement is promoted. In chapter 7, the steps of the oil sludge reuse, the content of each reuse step and the model of reduction of oil sludge have been deeply studies. The serially reusable direction by the main way of 'reduction of oil sludge within tanks, the fuelization of oil
sludge from tank cleaning, and coking treatment technology' has been set. In chapter 8, the summarization of the dissertation is given and the suggestions of further researches are promoted.
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