缆索起重机的仿真与优化设计研究
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摘要
缆索起重机是一种以悬挂于两支点之间的柔性钢索作为大跨距承载结构、利用载重小车在其上往返移动进行工作、兼有垂直运输和水平运输的特种起重机械。与其它起重机械相比,它具有跨度大、速度快、效率高、总体结构简单、造价低廉、施工周期短等突出优点,并且不受气候和地形条件的限制,在特定的条件下能发挥其它起重机械和起重技术所不能发挥作用。因而,它被广泛应用于采矿工业、森林工业、码头、渡口以及桥梁、水电建筑工程的起重和施工作业中。
     然而用传统的设计方法进行设计非常复杂、繁琐、周期较长而且计算结果难免有过大的安全系数,不利于充分发挥设备能力。本文针对此问题,引入现代的设计方法:在选取合适的模型和设计路线的前提下,运用计算机辅助设计,研究探讨高效便捷的设计方法,大大的提高设计效率,缩短设计周期,节约成本;引入多目标优化的思想,提出合理的优化模型,给出了实现算法,得到了比较满意的结果;引入系统仿真的设计理念,给出了荷重轨迹的仿真模型实现算法和程序,对荷重轨迹进行了计算机仿真,提高了缆索起重机布置的效率和质量,提高了生产的安全性。
     由于缆索起重机工作环境和性质的特殊性,安装精度的影响、工作环境的变化以及实际工作的需要,不可避免的会引起的各项参数的变化,如工作温度,实际的跨度等,造成与设计参数之间的差异,从而影响承载索的张力和承载能力,因而直接关系到起重机的性能和生产的安全性,因此论文研究这些因素变化对张力和承载能力产生的影响,分析张力及承载能力对各因素变化的灵敏度,从而对生产实践和安全生产作出有意义的指导。
     最后,论文应用VC++6.0作为开发工具,完成缆索起重机的仿真与优化软件系统。
The Cable Crane is a sort of special hoisting machinery, which uses flexible cable hung between two fulcrums as carrying structure, makes use of the crane carriage moving over the carrying cable to work, and hold the ability of vertical transporting and horizontal transporting. Compared with other hoisting machinery, it possess many advantages, such as big span, high speed, high efficiency, simple structure, cheap cost and so on. And it also can get rid of the limit of weather and landform, exert the efficacy that other hoisting machinery and hoisting technology can't bring into play under specific condition. As a result, it is widely used in many fields such as mining industry, forest industry, dock, ferry, bridgework, water and power engineering.
    But the conventional design way is very complex, and the safety factor figured out with traditional design pattern is a bit of bigger, and this makes against exerting the ability of devices. So this paper introduce modern design ways to cable crane design. On the base of choosing proper model and designing route, it uses CAD and probes into an efficient and easy design way to enhance design efficiency and shorten design periods. It brings in the way of multiple-objective optimization and gives proper optimization model and algorithm to get a comparative satisfying result. And it applies system simulation to cable crane design and gives the simulation model and arithmetic of the freight track. As a result, it enhances the efficient and quality of the disposal of cable crane and the operation security.
    It is inevitable that some crane's parameter such as working temperature, actual span and so on will change because of the affection of install precision, the change of working condition and actual needs. As a result, it will affect the tension force of carrying cable and carrying capacity. And the tension force and carrying capacity have close relation to the performance of cable crane and operational security. So this paper will study how these factors will affect tension and carrying capacity. It also will analyze the sensitivity of tension and carrying capacity to each factor.
    
    
    
    Finally, the paper applies VC++6.0 as the development tool to accomplish cable crane simulation and optimization software system.
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