基于空间组构理论的历史城区整体保护策略分析
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
回归空间本体来认知历史城市的形态演变与发展,进而在找到引起城市形态演变动因的前提下,提出应对城市文化遗产保护的对策,这是本文研究思路中最为本质和核心的内容。从历史演进、形态变化分析、形态变迁机制等方面进行研究,也是当前城市形态学研究的主流方向和视角。本文因循了这一分析思想和路径,同时,在具体的分析方法上,立足于空间形态学研究的较新进展,采用空间组构理论及其技术平台,深入分析了影响历史城市保护与发展的若干热点、难点问题。这些问题概括起来有四个方面:
     在深入分析案例城市长沙从1872年至2010年的城市形态演变特征后,对城市中心性、城市局部与整体的协同关系、城市形态集聚与扩张等特点进行了纵向比较。然后在形态演变特征与空间内涵的对应关系中,提炼出了影响城市空间发展自组织与他组织的机制,其中,特别对诸如形态自相似、路径依赖等自组织特征加以梳理和归纳,最终为解释影响历史城市保护的规模门槛、区位择优、不平衡发展等规律提供了实证的分析依据。
     依据上述城市形态自组织规律,本文提出了可借助空间组构理论中,关于空间结构对人车流自然运动及由此产生的“运动经济”的作用,来应对历史城市单中心结构发展的不利影响。指出可借助空间构形的调整,达到疏解历史城区过剩的自然运动和积极发展新区的目的。并具体通过历史城区内外空间结构的理想模型分析和对城市结构调整的模拟来加以论证。
     除了在宏观层面阐述化解单中结构的技术路线外,论文还对基于空间构形的场所感问题进行了探讨,在尝试将认知意象的场所感与空间组构的可理解度进行对比分析后,论证了两个理论相互关联的实效性和互补性,并借空间组构分析下的空间“分类器”机制,提出了延续场所感的空间自组织调适措施。
     此外,为了重新建立文化遗产信之息间的联系,本文对历史城市遗产空间的破碎化问题,提出了基于当代文化规划的视角,在运用组构理论中有关可视性分析及智能运动代理等技术的前提下,可借助城市当代文化空间建设来整合并彰显遗产信息的文化价值。最后,文章对历史城区和历史街区(历史地段)两个空间层级的遗存资源,进行了文化空间整合的实验性探讨。
The essential and central issue of this dissertation is to present countermeasures on heritageconservation in Changsha historical urban area by analyzing its morphology evolvement and evolvingreasons based on the subject of returning space ontology. Meanwhile, the research methodology andperspective of studying from morphological evolvement to formation change mechanism of historic urbanis also central issue which has been continuously cared. As the result, this paper followed the researchmethodology and perspective, but on crucial path analysis, a relatively new methodology called spacesyntax theory and its technique platform derived from urban spatial morphology are used to solve someessential and difficult questions which are concerned with heritage conservation of historical urban. Inorder to solving these questions, the summary discussion of this paper is four aspects:
     Changsha city as the case example, the feature of form evolvement was deeply analyzed, with whichcompared the features of city’s downtown displacement, the part-whole synergy relationship of city space,spatial agglomeration and diffusion from1872to2010. Then, after comparing the features of city formevolvement with its potential cultural implications, the mechanism of spatial form of self-organization andheter-organization were summed up. Among these two mechanisms, one of the mechanism called spatialself-organization including form self-similarity, path dependency of spatial expansion was especiallyemphasized to explain a series of rules such as scale threshold theory, selected location theory andunbalanced development theory which have a great impact on historical city conservation.
     Based on the above mechanism of spatial self-organization, this paper by using space syntaxmethodology to analyze the relationship between spatial configuration, spatial natural movement, and theinfluence of movement economics, to countermeasure the adverse effects caused by single centerstructure of historical city. Therefore, spatial configuration planning based on space syntax morphology canbe used to reduce excessive natural movement and increase the centrality of New Towns which aroundthe historical urban area. And in detail test, an ideal model and other three measures were used to stimulateor prove the result of spatial configuration planning.
     Besides exploring the solutions on single center structure, this paper tries to continue place sense inhistorical city. By linking place sense of image theory with intelligibility of space syntax methodology,the effectiveness and complement between the two theories were testified, and come up with a spatialself-organization adjustment approach according to spatial sore device mechanism analyzed by spacesyntax methodology.
     In order to restore the cognitive image links among heritages, this paper advocate a perspective ofcultural planning, meanwhile, combined with visibility graph analysis and EVAS technique included byspace syntax methodology, an integrative strategy was present to link current cultural facilities withhistorical heritages on showing whole historical city’s cultural value. At last, in practice, the coverage ofhistoric urban area and three historic districts as examples were analyzed to illustrate the integrationstrategy.
引文
1周岚.历史文化名城的积极保护和整体创造[M].北京:科学出版社,2011
    2吴良镛.广义建筑学[M].台北:地景企业股份有限公司,1994
    3吴良镛.文化遗产保护与文化环境创造——为2007年6月9日中国文化遗产日写[J].城市规划,2007(8):14
    4张松.历史城市保护学导论文化遗产和历史环境的一种整体性方法[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2008
    5张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006
    6方可.当代北京旧城更新:调查研究探索[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
    7范文兵.上海里弄的保护与更新[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004
    8张晓春.文化适应与中心转移近代上海空间变迁的都市人类学研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006
    9查群.建筑遗产可利用性评估[J].建筑学报,2000(11):48-51
    10万勇.中国历史文化名镇名村保护理论与方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008
    11单霁翔.从“文物保护”到“文化遗产保护”[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2008
    12田莉.有偿制度下的土地增值与城市发展土地产权的视角分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008
    13毛锋,周文生,黄健熙.空间信息技术在文化遗产保护中的应用研究[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,1(3):87-99
    14朱小雷.建成环境主观评价方法研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005
    15左川.首都行政中心位置确定的历史回顾[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,1(3):34-53
    16阮仪三,王景慧.历史文化名城保护理论与规划[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.64
    17单霁翔.城市文化发展与文化遗产保护[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2006
    18齐康.城市建筑[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001
    19张杰,邓翔宇.论聚落遗产与文化景观的系统保护[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,1(3):7-23
    20周卫.历史建筑保护与再利用——新旧空间关联理论及其模式研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009
    21百度百科[DB/OL],http://baike.baidu.com/view/11090.htm
    22张愚.基于可见性的空间及其构形分析[D]:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学建筑学院,2004
    23杨滔.空间组构[J].北京规划建设,2008(2):101-108
    24伍端.空间句法相关理论导读,世界建筑[J].2005(11):18-23
    25李斌,李庆丽.老年人特别护理福利院家庭化生活单元的构建,建筑学报[J].2010(3):46-51
    26Philip Steadman. Binary Encoding of a Class of Rectangular Built-Forms[C].Proceedingsof the Space Syntax3rdInternational Symposium, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta,2001(5):09.1-09.16
    27李江,郭庆胜.基于空间句法分析的城市空间形态定量研究,武汉大学学报(工学版)[J].2003,36(2):69-73
    28Young Ook Kim, Alan Penn, Linking the Spatial Syntax of Cognitive Maps to the SpatialSyntax of the Environment, Environment and Behavior,2004,36(4):483-504
    29C亚历山大,S伊希卡娃,M西尔佛斯坦等著,王听度,周序鸿译,建筑模式语言:城镇建筑构造(下)[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2002.1133
    30Ruth Conroy Dalton,Space syntax and spatial cognition. World Architecture: Space SyntaxMonograph,2005,185(11):41-45
    31Alasdair Turner. Angular analysis[C].Proceedings of the Space Syntax3rdInternationalSymposium, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta,2001(5):30.1-11
    32邵润青.空间句法轴线地图在方格路网城市应用中的空间单元分割方法改进[J].国际城市规划,2010.25:62-67
    33Bill Hillier, Chris Stutz, New Methods in Space Syntax. World Architecture: Space SyntaxMonograph,2005,185(11):54-55
    34Lu Zheng, Guo Weimin, Zhou Xuan. Whether Museum Spatial Experience Can Synthesize ItsExhibits in The Museum with Chinese Garden Configuration [C].2010InternationalConference on Future Information Technology,2010(1):93-97
    35刘青昊.城市形态的生成机制[J].城市规划,1995(2):20-22
    36齐康.城市的形态(研究提纲初稿)[J].城市规划,1982(6):16-25
    37梁江,孙晖.模式与动因——中国城市中心区的形态演变[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.9
    38Song Ke, Li Manchun, Shao Yixi, Research of the relationship between space accessibilityand urban land price by point-based space syntax, Geospatial Information Technology andApplications,2007(6754):1-10
    39林玉莲,胡正凡.环境心理学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
    40Kevin Lynch. The Image of the City, MIT Press Cambridge, MA:1960
    41朱庆,王静文,李渊.城市空间意象的句法表达方法探讨[J].华中建筑,2005(4):77-81
    42李平华,陆玉麟.城市可达性研究的理论与方法评述[J].城市问题,2005(1):69-74
    43Daniel R. Montello, The measurement of cognitive distance: methods and construct validity.Journal of Environmental Psychology,1991a,11,101-122
    44Alasdair Turner, Nick Dalton.A simplified route choice model using the shortest angularpath assumption[C].Presented at Geo-computation,2005
    45Agnew J., The Power of Place: Bringing Together Geographical and SociologicalImaginations. Boston: Unwin Hyman.124
    46David Seamon, The Life of the Place: A Phenomenological Commentary On Bill Hillier'sTheory of Space Syntax, Nordic Journal of Architectural Research,7,1(1994):35-48
    47Bill Hillier, Between Social Physics and Phenomenology: exploration towards an urbansynthesis?[C],5thSpace Syntax Symposium, TU Delft Netherland,2005(6):3-23
    48沈克宁.建筑现象学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.17
    49杨滔.从空间的角度看城市局部地区[J],北京规划建设,2009(1):128-134
    50Irini Perdikogianni.From Space to Place: the role of space and experience in theconstruction of place[C].6thInternational Symposium on Space Syntax, Istanbul,2007,(052):1-14
    51段进.城市空间发展轮(第2版)[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2006.93-105
    52张勇强.城市空间发展自组织与城市规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006.19
    53长沙市志编撰委员会.长沙市志(第五卷)[M].长沙:湖南出版社,1996.102-108
    54刘定.长沙开埠以来的城市规划和城市发展研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:陕西师范大学历史文化学院,2009
    55斯蒂芬马歇尔.街道与形态[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.84
    56杨滔.从空间的角度看城市局部地区[J],北京规划建设,2009(1):128-134
    57盛强.城市迷宫——空间、过程与城市复杂系统[J],世界建筑,2005(11):92-95
    58戴菲,章俊华.规划设计学中的调查方法5——认知地图法[J],中国园林,2009(3):98-102
    59孙平.从“名城”到“历史保护地段”[J].城市规划,1992(6):8-11
    60陈泳.城市空间:形态、类型与意义——苏州古城结构形态演化研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006:15
    61张杰,邓翔宇.论聚落遗产与文化景观的系统保护[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,1(3):7-23
    62周岚.历史文化名城的积极保护和整体创造[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:55-56
    63齐康.城市建筑[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001:41
    64张杰.城市传统文化景观空间结构保护[J].现代城市研究,2006,(11):13-21
    65刘颂.西欧历史城市景观的保护[J].城市问题,2008,(11):88-92
    66Harald Hoyem,B.T.Kalsaas,肖莉,et al.,西安鼓楼历史街区保护与发展[J].国外城市规划,2002,(3):26-29
    67刘海龙.文化遗产的“突围”——德国科隆大教堂周边文化环境的保护与步行区的营造[J].国际城市规划,2002,24(5):100-105
    68周俭,梁洁,陈飞.历史保护区保护规划的实践研究——上海历史文化风貌区保护规划编制的探索[J].城市规划学刊,2007,(4):79-84
    69赵亮,娄淑娟,李怡谦等.历史街区的链接式保护及生长型发展[J].城市问题,2008,(8):23-28
    70张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006:155-213
    71丁沃沃,刘青昊.城市物质空间形态的认知尺度解读[J].现代城市研究,2007,(8):32-41
    72丁沃沃.探索巨型城市区域的认知方法——读《图景与区域:巨型城市区域的可视化》[J].国际城市规划,2009,24(3):103-111
    73王思思,李婷,董音.北京市文化遗产空间结构分析及遗产廊道网络建设[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,(6):56-61
    74肖爱玲.关于西安老城区历史文化资源GIS数据库建设的思考[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(2):112-114
    75段铭.当代新城空间发展演化规律——案例跟踪研究与未来规划思考[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2011
    76陈仲光,徐建刚,蒋海兵.基于空间句法的历史街区多尺度空间分析研究——以福州三坊七巷历史街区为例[J].城市规划,2009(8):92-96
    77Rodrigo Culagovski, Margarita Greene, Rodrigo Mora. A Model of Weak Heritage theDevelopment of3D VGA Tools[C].Proceedings of the Space Syntax7thInternationalSymposium, School of Architecture and the Built Environment KTH Stockholm,2009(6):020.1-11
    78王川,胡敏,赵中枢.历史城市的生态保护初步研究——以徽州文化区绩溪为例[J].城市发展研究,2009,(3):107-116
    79Stevenson, Deborah. Urban Re-enchantment and the Magic of Culture Planning. Culture andPolicy: Review of the Institute for Cultural Policy Studies. Griffith University,1993:8
    80黄鹤.文化规划——基于文化资源的城市整体发展策略[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:98-102
    81Zukin,S.The Cultures of Cities.Cambrigde: Blackwell Publishers,1995:22
    82Graeme Evans. Cultural Planning: An Urban Renaissance. Routledge: London and New York,2001:105-106
    83Frost Kumpf.Cultural Disticts: Arts Management and Urban Redevelopment. DoctoralDissertation.Colledge of Earth and Mineral Sciences Pennsylvania State University.2001:7
    84Guppy, M. Better Place Richer Communities. Sydney: Australia Council,1997:14-15
    85Ruth Conroy Dalton,Space syntax and spatial cognition. World Architecture: Space SyntaxMonograph,2005,185(11):41-45
    86Li xun, Xu Xueqiang. A Spatial Analysis of the Image of Guangzhou City. Human Geography,1993,8(3):22-29
    87Pete Ferguson. The streets of innovation: an exploratory analysis of knowledge transferin the public realm. Proceedings,6thInternational Space Syntax Symposium[C], stanbul,2007
    88黄鹤.文化政策主导下的城市更新──西方城市运用文化资源促进城市发展的相关经验和启示.8国外城市规划,2006(1):57-61
    89Julienne Hanson, Reem Zako. Communities of co-presence and surveillan: how public openspace shapes awareness and behaviour in residential developments. Proceedings,6thInternational Space Syntax Symposium[C], stanbul,2007
    90Conzen, M. P. Town-Plan Analysis in an American Setting: Cadastral Proeesses in Bostonand Omaha,1630一1930.in Slater,T.R.(1990a)
    91Whitehand J W R, Larkham P J. Urban landscapes. Routedge.1992.
    92Moudon A V. Built for change: Neighborhood architecture in San Francisco. Cambridge,Massachusette, London, England: The MIT press.1986
    93Sauer C.O. The morphology of landscape, Berkeley, CA. University of Californiapublications in geography2.1995
    94Hillier B, Hanson J, Peponis J, Hudson J, Burdett R. Space syntax: A new urban perspective.Architects Journal,1983
    95Ball M. The built environment and the urban question, Environment and planning D.1986
    96Rossi A. The architecture of the city. The MIT Press.1982
    97Mumford L. The city in history: Its origins, its transformations, and its prospects.New York: Harcourt, Brace and word, Inc.1961
    98Kmox P L. The restless urban landscape: economic and socio-culture change and thetransformation of metropolitan Washington, D. C. Annals of the Association of AmericanGeographers,2006
    99Marzot.The study of the urban form in Italy. Urban MorPhology,2002.6(2)
    100Hiller B, Hanson J. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1984
    101O’Neil, M.J.“Evaluation of a conceptual model of Architectural Legibility,”Environment and Behavior,1991,23(3):259-284
    102Golledge, R., Stimson, R., Spatial Behavior. The Guild Press, London,1997
    103Penn, A., Hiller, B., Banister, D.&Xu, J.“Configurational modeling of Urban movementnetworks”. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,1998(25):59-84
    104Ezgi T.“Perception and Intelligibility in The Context of Spatial Syntax and spatialcognition: Reading an Unfamiliar Place out of Cognitive Maps”, Proceedings of the6thInternational Space Syntax Symposium[C], Istanbul,2007
    105Yixiang L., Perver, K., B., Robin M.“The Role of Space Syntax in Spatial Cognition:Evidence from Urban China”, Proceedings of the6thInternational Space Syntax Symposium[C], Istanbul,2007