摘要
摘要：集装箱运输是一种先进的现代化运输方式,在国际和国内贸易货物运输中发挥着重要作用。集装箱铁路运输是集装箱运输组织中的一种重要形式,结合了集装箱运输和铁路运输的双重优点,具有安全、便捷、节能、环保和“门到门”等优势,是铁路货运发展的重要方向。作为集装箱铁路运输发展的重要平台,铁路集装箱中心站在功能布局、作业调度、运输组织、运营管理等方面与传统的铁路集装箱办理站不同,其生产运营效率对整个铁路集装箱运输网络与多式联运系统的运输质量、综合效率、服务水平有着重要的影响。
本文以铁路集装箱中心站关键资源为研究对象,以关键资源的调度优化为研究点,对铁路集装箱中心站关键资源调度优化理论及方法进行了深入的研究。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)中心站关键资源的界定。通过对铁路集装箱中心站的功能布局、资源分类、作业流程等进行分析,结合集装箱港口关键资源的构成,在中心站空间资源和设备资源中界定本文中心站关键资源。
(2)中心站关键资源调度优化体系架构的构建。通过对中心站关键资源调度优化的对象、目标进行分析,构建中心站关键资源调度优化框架；并对优化框架下关键资源调度优化问题的目标集、决策变量集和约束条件集进行分析,建立中心站关键资源调度优化体系,为本文后续的关键资源调度研究提供理论支撑。
(3)中心站堆存空间资源调度优化研究。在中心站关键资源调度优化体系架构下,以堆存空间资源为研究对象,建立中心站堆存空间资源调度的两阶段优化模型。第一阶段为中心站堆场箱量均衡分配模型,将到发箱均衡地分配到堆场各箱区；第二阶段建立中心站堆场箱位指派模型,为分配到箱区的集装箱指派较优箱位,使堆存产生的压箱数最小。针对两阶段模型的特点,分别设计了算法对模型进行求解。
(4)中心站装卸设备资源调度优化研究。在中心站关键资源调度优化体系架构下,以装卸设备资源为研究对象,以优化轨道门吊的装卸作业顺序为目标,针对不同装卸调度模式,分别建立单作业线固定范围装／卸调度优化模型、多作业线固定范围装卸混合调度优化模型、多作业线柔性范围装卸混合调度优化模型,设计算法对上述模型进行求解。并在三种装卸调度模式下,对轨道门吊的作业时间和空驶距离进行比较分析。
(5)中心站堆存与装卸关键资源集成调度优化研究。在中心站关键资源调度优化体系架构下,以堆存空间资源和装卸设备资源为研究对象,通过分析轨道门吊装卸调度优化和集装箱堆存箱位指派优化目标之间的相互影响、相互制约、相互反馈的关系,建立中心站堆存与装卸关键资源集成调度优化的双层规划模型,设计了双层遗传算法对模型进行求解。并在堆存与装卸关键资源中的集成调度优化和单独调度优化两种模式下,对轨道门吊的作业时间和空驶距离进行比较分析。
通过开展铁路集装箱中心站关键资源调度优化的研究,不仅能够丰富铁路集装箱运输组织、集装箱多式联运运输组织等领域的基础理论,为铁路集装箱中心站的规划、建设、运营管理提供理论支持；还能够实现对中心站堆存和装卸作业调度的优化,使集装箱在站内有序、通畅、高效流转,达到中心站运营管理的科学化和调度决策的最优化,对铁路集装箱中心站有着广泛的工程应用价值。
ABSTRACT:Container transportation is an advanced transportation mode, and plays an important role in freight transportation of international and domestic trade. As an important form of container transportation organization and developing direction of railway freight transport, railway container transportation integrates the advantages of container and railway transport, and has the characteristics of safety, convenience, energy-saving, environmental protection and door to door transport. Railway container terminal is a vital platform of railway container transportation, and is different from traditional railway container stations in function, layout, operation, organization and management. The production and operational of railway container terminal has a significant impact on transportation quality, comprehensive efficiency and service level of railway transportation network and multi-modal transport system.
This paper takes key resources of railway container terminal as research object, takes key resources scheduling optimization as research target, and focuses on key resources scheduling optimization theory and method of railway container terminal. The major research contents are summarized as follow:
(1) Definition of key resources in railway container terminal. According to the analysis of function, layout, resource classification and operation process of railway container terminal, combining with composition of maritime container terminal, the key resources in railway container terminal are defined.
(2) Architecture construction of key resources scheduling optimization in railway container terminal. According to the analysis optimization target and objective, establish the frame of key resources scheduling optimization. For theoretical support of subsequent studies, architecture of key resources scheduling optimization is built under the set analysis of objective functions, decision variables and constraints.
(3) Study on key storage resources scheduling optimization. A two-stage optimization model for key storage resources scheduling optimization in railway container terminal is proposed under the architecture of key resources scheduling optimization. The first stage is workload balance model, whose objective is to balance workloads of inbound containers among blocks, and evenly allocate inbound containers to each block. The second stage is container slot allocation model, whose objective is to minimize overlapping amounts of storage.
(4) Study on key handing resources scheduling optimization. The study takes handling resources as research target, and takes handling sequence optimization of rail mounted gantry crane as research objective. According to the different handling areas, handling operation mode and amount of handling lines, three rail mounted gantry crane scheduling optimization of railway container terminal are proposed under the architecture of key resources scheduling optimization. The makespan and unloaded time of rail mounted gantry crane handling operation is compared among three handling modes.
(5) Study on integrated scheduling optimization between key storage resources and key handling resources. According to the influence, restriction and feedback analysis between container slot allocation optimization and rail mounted gantry crane scheduling optimization, a bi-level programming model of integrated scheduling optimization between key storage resources and key handling resources is proposed under the architecture of key resources scheduling optimization. The makespan and unloaded time of rail mounted gantry crane handling operation is compared between integrated scheduling optimization and separate scheduling optimization.
According to the study on key resources scheduling optimization theory and method of railway container terminal, the paper can not only enrich the basic theory of railway transportation organization and multi-modal transport system, and provide theoretical support for the planning, construction and operation of railway container terminal, but also optimize the storage and handling scheduling, and has extensive engineering application value for railway container terminal.
引文
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