摘要
随着Internet的发展和后PC时代的到来,嵌入式系统的应用越来越广泛,目前嵌入式技术已经成为了最热门的技术之一。基于ARM的嵌入式技术已经成为当前嵌入式领域研究的一个亮点。
基于ARM的微控制器由于高性价比、广泛的第三方支持和良好的通用性必然导致发展和应用非常广泛,近年应用于各种终端设备和PDA是热点研究对象,而ZigBee技术是近两年出现的无线通信技术,它是以IEEE802.15.4技术为基础的一组涉及网络、安全、应用的软件协议,在家居自动化、楼宇自动化工业监控系统得到广泛的应用。
本文是在充分陈述嵌入式主要素和现有无线手持终端发展状况的基础上,对一个基于嵌入式ARM处理器LPC2220、嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ、ZigBee无线技术和图形界面系统MiniGUI的无线手持终端进行了设计和研究。详细分析了硬件组成(液晶、触摸屏、SPI、ZigBee模块),围绕硬件驱动的实现展开研究的同时,介绍了ZigBee相关技术。然后用图形界面系统MiniGUI以餐厅点餐为例,设计了简单的点菜界面。最后以点对点模型进行研究,并简单分析了实际应用中的组网。
本文重点是无线手持终端的硬件设计、软件移植、图形用户界面和无线通信等关键技术的实现。在硬件设计中,按照功能模块一一阐述了各主控制芯片的特性及设计原理;在软件中,先研究了相关设备的驱动,再研究了嵌入式软件的移植,最后阐述了简单图形界面的设计和无线通信的接口设计及工作流程。
本文创新点是将ZigBee无线技术应用于无线手持终端,给出了一个新的无线手持终端设计方案,利用有限的硬件资源在缺少MMU的低端CPU上设计并开发出性能接近高端的无线手持终端系统。充分利用了嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ的多任务和保护机制,合理地协调了硬件资源和软件系统之间的一些矛盾。
本文共由六章构成。第一章首先介绍了无线手持终端的研究背景,即对ARM微控制器、嵌入式操作系统、图形用户界面系统和无线局域网技术四个方面的发展现状进行了概括。然后,叙述了无线手持终端的国内外发展现状。最后,介绍了论文的研究工作及实现目标。第二章先阐述了系统的构建,然后分别以硬件模块为单位进行介绍,在分析了驱动程序设计后,在第三节对IEEE.802.15.4协议标准和直序列扩频技术进行了介绍。第三章主要是操作系统的移植分析和在对图形用户界面MiniGUI for uC/OS-Ⅱ移植的基础上进行简单用户界面设计。第四介绍章无线模块和终端通讯接口的设计。第五章给出系统研究模型,并以点餐系统为例介绍了简单组网应用。第六章是对论文所做工作的概括性总结和结果分析,同时对后续工作进行了展望。
With the development of internet and the arrival of Post-PC times, the application of embedded system becomes popular. Now embedded technology has been the focal point of research. The embedded technology based on ARM has become a spot light of current embedded field.
ARM-based microcontrollers because of cost-effective, extensive third-party support and the good universalness is bound to lead to the development and a very wide application, terminal equipment used in recent years and PDA is hot subjects, and the ZigBee appearring near two years is a wireless communications technology, which is IEEE802.15.4-based application software protocols involved in networking, security, and in home automation, industrial building automation control systems which are widely used.
The basis on which design and research about wireless portable terminal stand, is several embedded elements and the situation of current wireless terminal are presented. The terminal consist of four aspects in application: LPC2220 based on ARM7TDMI、real-time operation system uC/QS-II、ZigBee wireless technique and graphic user interface—MiniGUI. The paper introduces the related technologies as well as hardware composition( LCM、Touch-Screen、SPI、ZigBee module) ,and analyze how to carry out hardware driver. And then restaurant order is taken as an example in order to use MiniGUI goes to design a simple interface. At last, the point to point model is given and some prospects about network construction are brought out for the further work in this field.
The key techniques of this thesis are hardware design、software porting、GUI and wireless communication and so on. This thesis introduces every main controller's characteristic and application according to its function on the side of hardware; on the side of software, this thesis introduces hardware driver, and then shows the embedded system transplanting, at last presents simple GUI design、wireless communication interface design and its operation flow.
This paper's innovation is the wirelessZigBee technology used in wireless hand handsets, affords a new wireless handset design. Use of limited hardware resources, Use of limited hardware resources, based on the low-end CPU and absence of MMU, the paper begins to design and develop a wireless handsets System of high-end performance close to. Take full advantage of the embedded operation system uC/OS-II multi-task and protection mechanisms, reasonably to coordinate some contradictions between the hardware resources and software systems.
This article has six chapters. The first chapter introduces the research background of wireless handsets first, that is, a summary of four areas—the ARM microcontrollers, embedded operating systems, graphical user interface systems and wireless local area network technology. Then, describes current status and development trend of wireless portable terminal at home and abroad. Finally, shows its work and objectives. Chapter II first shows the construction of the system, and then introduces the hardware module one by one. After showing the driver design, in the third quarter IEEE.802.15.4 protocol standards and direct sequence spread spectrum technology is introduced. Chapter III is the transplantation of the operation system and graphical user interface MiniGUI for uC/OS-II transplant ,on the basis of which a simple user interface is designed. Chapter IV of communication interface design between wireless module and terminal. Chapter V gives system model, and takes the order system as an example a simple network application. Chapter VI, the research work and analysis of the results is given, while expounds the follow-up work in the future.
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