苦瓜耐低温性指标鉴定与筛选
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摘要
苦瓜,起源于印度,分布于热带、亚热带地区。喜高温,低温条件生长发育不良。苦瓜耐低温性的育种工作还未见报道。本试验旨在开展苦瓜耐低温指标鉴定的研究及筛选,为苦瓜耐低温育种和保护地品种的筛选提供依据。
     本实验以6个苦瓜品种(系)为材料,研究了9个生理生化指标,并对6个农艺性状进行田间观察记载,探讨其与苦瓜耐低温能力的关系。主要研究结果如下:
     1.人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数在供试材料之间有显著差异,且与低温条件下的耐低温因子呈显著负相关,可以作为鉴定苦瓜耐低温能力的指标。
     2.30℃下生长的苦瓜幼苗叶片经低温8℃处理16h后的电导伤害率可以作为鉴定苦瓜耐低温能力的指标。
     3.15℃下生长的幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量在供试材料间有显著差异,且与低温条件下的耐低温因子呈显著负相关,可以作为鉴定苦瓜耐低温能力的指标。
     4.15℃生长温度的丙二醛含量,与低温条件下的耐低温因子呈显著相关,可以作为鉴定苦瓜耐低温能力的指标。
     5.将低温处理下10个指标进行公因子分析,得到三个公因子,即耐低温因子、光合作用因子和萌发因子。公因子聚类分析可将6份苦瓜材料分为三类。
     6.对6个苦瓜品种(系)6个与熟性相关的农艺性状进行因子分析,得到2个公因子,第一公因子为成花因子,第二公因子为座瓜因子。公因子聚类,可将6个苦瓜品种(系)分为两类。
Bitter gourd is distributed to tropics and subtropics area. As it grows in tropic climates, hypothermia will lead to dysontogenesis. Many of the studies today lay store on its function, very few of them on breeding, and there's still no reported work on chilling-resistance breeding. So this experiment aimed to study on appraisal indices of chilling resistance and chilling-resistance-index screening on this special vegetable. This work would help to enhance the efficiency of identifying and screening breeding materials for shelter cultivation.
    This experiment used six bitter gourd varieties as material to study on nine different biochemical and physiological indices of chilling resistance and their correlations and also made observation on six agronomy and horticultural traits, explored its relationship with chilling-resistance ability. The main results were as follows:
    1. As for chilling index of controlled low temperature conditions, significant difference were observed among six bitter gourd varieties, so chilling index was a useful index to appraise the chilling-resistance ability of bitter gourd varieties.
    2. Electric conductivity percentage of bitter gourd leaves cultivated at 30℃ temperature treated at 8℃ low temperature for 16 hour was a useful index to appraise the chilling-resistance ability of bitter gourd varieties.
    3. As for the content of Pro determined on 15℃-low-temperature-cultivated bitter gourd, significant difference were observed among six bitter gourd varieties, and significant negative difference were also observed between the content of Pro and chilling-resistance factor. So content of Pro was a useful index to appraise the chilling-resistance ability of bitter gourd varieties.
    4. As for the content of MDA determined on 15℃-low-temperature-cultivated bitter gourd, significant difference were observed among six bitter gourd varieties, and significant negative difference were also observed between the content of MDA and chilling-resistance factor. So it can be used as a method to appraise the chilling-resistance ability of bitter gourd varieties.
    5. With the help of factor analysis, ten indices were reduced as three factor named as chilling-resistance factor, photosynthesis factor and germination factor. Factor cluster analysis showed that six varieties belongs to three clusters.
    6.Factor analysis showed that six maturity associated horticultural traits were reduced as two factor named as blooming factor and bearing factor. Factor cluster analysis showed that six varieties belongs to two clusters.
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