菜心低富集硝酸盐营养液配方的研究
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摘要
蔬菜是一种易富集硝酸盐的作物。本试验以四九菜心(Brassica parachinensis Bailey)为材料,采用“311-A”最优混合设计,研究氮、磷、钾不同配比的营养液对菜心硝酸盐含量和产量的影响。并利用计算机,通过建立硝酸盐含量、产量的三元二次回归模型,模拟寻优寻出产量最高配方(Ⅰ)、硝酸盐含量最低配方(Ⅱ)、硝酸盐含量较低而产量较高的配方(Ⅲ)的氮、磷、钾的最佳浓度和配比。对这三种配方进行验证试验,同时分析了这三种配方对菜心品质和光合作用的影响。试验结果如下:
     1.综合模拟寻优所得硝酸盐含量较低而产量较高的最佳配方的N、P_2O_5、K_2O的浓度分别为165.3mg/L、68.6mg/L、263.1mg/L。验证结果表明,这三种模拟配方的菜心的产量差异不显著。配方Ⅲ的菜心的硝酸盐与配方Ⅰ的菜心的硝酸盐差异显著,与配方Ⅱ的菜心的硝酸盐含量差异不显著。说明配方Ⅲ在不影响产量的情况下可明显降低菜心硝酸盐含量。同时,配方Ⅲ的菜心的硝酸盐含量介于配方Ⅰ和配方Ⅱ之间,但硝酸还原酶的活性最低。
     2.配方Ⅲ菜心的叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖等含量都比配方Ⅰ的较高。配方Ⅲ的菜心的全氮含量最低,全磷含量最高,全
    
     广西人学硕士学位论文 莱心低口集硝酸盐营养液配方的研咒
    钾含量介于酉方1和配方*之间。
     3.配方HI中添加IXIO刁肌6-SA 7d后,菜心白硝酸还原酶的
    活性大大提高,净光合速率也明显提高,硝酸盐含量也相应的降
    低,蒸腾速率变化不明显。表明添加6亿 有利于降低菜心硝酸盐
    含量。
Vegetables are one of liable nitrate accumulation crops. The experiment was to research the effect of three nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) on the nitrate and yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage by the optimum compound design (311-A). The optimum compose in three formulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was put forward by using multivariate regression analysis methods on computer. These modle formulations were proved to be practicable, at the same time, they were analysised the effect on quality and photosynthesis of the flowering Chinese cabbage. The obtained results are summarized as follows:
    1. Regressive analysis showed that the optimum compose in formulation III of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nitrate and yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage was 165.3mg/L, 329.2mg/L, 73.9mg/L. Having been confirmed, there were no significant differences in yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage among these formulations, but there were significant differences in nitrate content of the flowering Chinese cabbage among these formulations. It showed the formulation III was practicable. Nitrate content of the flowering Chinese cabbage by formulation III was situated in between
    
    
    
    
    formulation I and formulation II. However, the nitrate reductase activity of the flowering Chinese cabbage by formulation III was the lowest.
    2. Results also showed that vitamin C, soluble sugar, chlorophyll in the flowering Chinese cabbage by formulation III were better than formulation I . In formulation III, N content in leaves of the flowering Chinese cabbage was lowest, while P content was highest, K content was situated in between formulation I and formulation II.
    3. After added lxl0-7g/L 6-BA into formulation III for seven days, nitrate content decreased correlating to increase nitrate reductase activity, and photosynthetic rate was enhanced greatly, but there is no significant differences in transpiration rate of the flowering Chinese cabbage between formulations.
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