摘要
西天山位于西伯利亚、塔里木和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块三大板块之间的聚合拼接带,在地质历史上,特别是在古生代时期,曾是构造岩浆活动极为活跃的地区,总体上呈弧形帚状向东收敛展布,平面上呈一锐角向东的三角形,属世界级的巨型成矿造山带。西天山地区面积大,自然条件恶劣,人烟稀疏,高寒、缺水、风沙等都给地质工作者带来极大的困难,因而该地区地质工作程度较低,并且用常规的地质工作方法来进行矿产勘查不仅成本高,而且效率低,显然已经不能满足我国改革开放的需要。
随着计算机、遥感和地理信息系统技术的不断发展与成熟,遥感机助解译、矿化蚀变信息的提取和多源数据融合技术得到了新的突破。本文在充分理解和吸收已有地质资料的基础上,选择适合该地区的蚀变信息增强方法,对ETM+图像数据中的蚀变信息进行增强,提取遥感蚀变异常信息,为该地区的找矿工作提供可靠资料。本文主要在以下方面开展研究工作：
(1)对研究区遥感图像进行了几何校正、子区切取等预处理工作,并根据ETM+遥感数据的特征统计分析,选择彩色合成的最佳波段组合。
(2)应用遥感软件对图像进行增强处理,并对增强后的遥感图像进行目视解译和线性构造的提取,概括了工作区的基本构造格局。
(3)在充分分析岩矿光谱特征和ETM+波段性能的基础上,采用主成分分析法,辅以波段比值、掩膜技术,去除植被等干扰信息,提取出矿化蚀变异常信息。
(4)在对研究区已有地质资料等地学信息进行不同程度叠加分析后,进行研究区遥感综合成矿预测,圈定了四处成矿预测区。
In the history of geology, especially in the Paleozoic era,west tianshan which is located the boundry of Siberia, tarim and Kazakhstan-junggar blocks,was the region that Tectono-magmatic activities extremely active. It arcs and generally spread eastwards,and looks like a acute triangle facing east. It is one of world-class orogenic belts. The geologists who work at west tianshan have many great difficulties because of the west tianshan's huge area, bad natural conditions, sparsely populated, low temperature, lack of water, sandstorm and so on.So if we use conventional geological working methods to do mineral exploration, this is not only high cost and low efficiency. Apparently it already cannot satisfy our needs for reforming.
With the development of the computer、remote sensing and geographical information system,the manual interpretation、the extraction of mineralized alteration anomaly information and multi-data fusion gained a new breakthrough. This paper based on understanding and absorption of the geological data,select the appropriate method to enhance alteration information of ETM+ image,extract remote sensing alteration anomaly information.The paper researched mainly in the following aspects:
(1)During the research I did some preprocessing works on the image I used, such as geometric correction, cutting the image and so on. And then, the image would be done the features and statistical analysis according to the features of ETM+ remote sensing data, next is choosing the best band combination of color synthesis.
(2) Using remote sensing software to enhance the image, then to interpret the remote sensing image after enhancement and extract linear struckures, and summarizes the basic structural framework.
(3)On the basis of the full analysis of rock mineral spectrum characteristic and the ETM+band performance,use the principal component analysis,supplemented by band ratio,image mask technology to remove vegetation interference information and extract mineralized alteration anomaly information.
(4) After making different degree of information on the superposition analysis with the geological data I already have, and doing some studies on comprehensive metallogenic prediction of survey region, then four forecast areas were delineated.
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