摘要
从天然植物中得到高活性、高纯度的生物活性物质是当今生物、医药领域的一大研究热点。九华山药食两用的黄精虽其品质优良,曾与长白山人参相提并论,但其活性物质至今未见专门研究。为此本课题连续提取和纯化了九华山多花黄精中的皂甙和多糖,并对多糖的抗菌作用进行了初步研究。取得结果如下:
(1)正交实验表明利用超声波提取皂甙的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度75%,提取时间50min,料液比1:20以及重复提取二次皂甙得率最高;对提取率影响因素大小依次为料液比>乙醇浓度>提取次数>提取时间。
(2)纯化皂甙的最佳方法是:先用水饱和正丁醇纯化,再用大孔树脂XAD4纯化,其纯度可达96.33%。
(3)根据计算,平均每100g多花黄精可提取纯度为96.31%的皂甙4.17g。
(4)多糖提取的结果表明:先提皂甙后提多糖其方法是可行的,结果没有明显差异。提取多糖的最佳方法是超声辅以纤维素酶提取。粗多糖得率最高为20.6%。
(5)其组成为果糖:葡萄糖=8.7:1。
(6)多糖纯化的最佳方式为葡聚糖G-50的凝胶过滤法,纯度达到96.80%。
(7)九华山多花黄精多糖还具有一定的抗菌活性,尤其是对副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、白葡萄球菌。
本研究表明,九华山多花黄精具有含量丰富种类多样的生物活性物质,对这些活性物质进行研究,将有助于提升其经济价值和社会作用。
To get high bioactivity and high purity bioactive substances from natural plants is the study hotspot in biology and medicine fields. So far, the bioactive substances from Jiuhua mountain Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. are not been studied, even though it is edible and medicinal with excellent qualities and mentioned in the same breath with Changbaishan Gensing. The polysaccharide and saponin from Jiuhua mountain Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. were separated and purified by a continuous process, and the bacteriostatic activity of the polysaccharide also studied.
The results were as follows:
(1) The orthogonal experiment showed that an ultrasonic extraction of the best conditions for saponins: ethanol concentration 75%, extracting time 50min, material/liquid ratio 1:20 and repeat extraction 2 times. The factors affecting extraction ratio were material/liquid ratio >ethanol concentration >extraction times >extracting time.
(2) The best way to purify saponins was first to purify with water saturation normal butanol and then to reoccupy the purification with macroporous resin XAD4, to achieve the purity of 96.33%.
(3) It was calculated that the average purification of every 100g of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. can be extracted to 4.17 g. saponins with purity of 96.31%.
(4) Polysaccharide extracting results showed that: it was feasible to first extract saponins but the results show no obvious difference. The best approach to extract polysaccharide was ultrasonic with cellulose enzyme. The highest rate for gross polysaccharide was 20.6%.
(5) There is a kind of pure Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. polysaccharide, its molecular weight, 8912, its composition, fructose : glucose = 8.7:1.
(6) The best way for purification of polysaccharides was Sephadex G- 50 gel filtering method, the purity of 96.80% reached.
(7) Jiuhua mountain Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. polysaccharide had certain antibacterial activity, especially for Escherichi Coli, Salmonella. Paratyphi, Staphy lococcus cremoris and so on.
This research showed that Jiuhua mountain Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. contains rich and various kinds of bioactive substances, to study these substances will be helpful for promoting the economic value and social effects.
引文
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