摘要
建筑能耗约占社会总能耗的1/3。我国建筑能耗的总量逐年上升,在能源总消费量中所占的比例已从上世纪七十年代末的10%,上升到近年的27.45%。结合夏热冬冷地区对外墙节能设计的要求,通过对目前应用较广泛的外墙外保温技术的比较,在夏热冬冷地区采用聚苯颗粒保温砂浆外墙保温的节能措施较为经济、合理,既能够满足节能要求,且施工方便,结构合理,并采用柔性渐变逐层释放应力的抗裂技术,具有良好的性价比。聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统基本构造:在结构墙体外侧由界面砂浆、胶粉聚苯颗粒保温浆料保温层、抗裂砂浆薄抹面层防护层和饰面层组成。抗裂砂浆用于保温砂浆层表面,对系统具有长期稳定性与机械稳定性起关键作用。抗裂砂浆的防护作用:①保护保温板不在自然环境中老化;②保护保温层不受雨水侵蚀;③提高抗冲击性;④具有较小的水蒸气渗透阻;⑤为外饰面提供附着基层。抗裂砂浆的研究具有举足轻重的作用,并对建筑节能系统工作意义重大。
本文通过研究特细砂和外加剂对胶粉聚苯颗粒外保温系统抗裂砂浆性能的影响,确定特细砂参数和各外加剂的品种和最佳掺量,进一步提高抗裂砂浆的综合性能。①重庆砂资源主要为细度模数小于1.0的特细砂,因此工程中95%以上的砂浆为特细砂水泥砂浆。配制抗裂砂浆采用P.O42.5的水泥,灰砂比为1:2.8灰砂比。②研究结果表明:特细砂具有细度模数小,含泥量相对较高及质地坚硬等特点,特细砂细度模数改善砂浆的收缩、压折比等,含泥量影响砂浆工作性能,特细砂细度模数适宜范围为0.7-1.0之间;含泥量应控制在0%-3%以内。胶粉改善砂浆柔性,试验从断裂能、最大变形量、粘结性等进行表征:乳胶粉宜采用山西三维胶粉,最佳掺量为6kg/m3,即为水泥质量的1.67%。纤维解决砂浆的塑性收缩,试验从压折比、抗冲击性、收缩率、裂缝指数等方面进行表征:木质纤维适宜掺量为水泥质量的7 kg/m3,即为水泥质量的1.94%;聚丙烯纤维的适宜掺量为1-1.5kg/m3,试验最佳掺量取1.3kg/m3即为水泥质量的0.36%。适宜长度为9mm。纤维素醚保水剂提高砂浆与保温层的保水性,提高粘结强度和抗裂性,本文是从分层度、泌水率等表征进行研究:抗裂砂浆宜采用山东瑞泰HPMC,掺量为1.2 kg/m3,即为水泥质量的0.33%。试验结果配制出优化抗裂砂浆,性能优良,经过裂缝试验,没有出现裂缝,各种指标满足JG158—2004胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统抗裂砂浆的性能要求。
外墙保温面层砂浆产生开裂是保温建筑质量通病中的重症。一旦面层砂浆保护层发生开裂,将导致保温系统的保温、耐水和抗冻等整体性能和耐久性能降低,所以必须加强保温面层砂浆抗裂性能及其措施的研究。工程应用表明,以技术创新开发的抗裂砂浆,其抗裂性、耐候性优良远远大于普通砂浆,能用于外墙外保温,是对传统抹面砂浆技术性能的重大提升,满足建筑墙体外保温抗裂要求。
The building energy consumption occupies one third in our society. The total amount of building energy consumption in China increases year by year, the proportion in total energy consumption is increasing from ten percent to 27.45 percent. Combined with the design of energy saving outer wall in hot in summer and cold in winter areas, by comparison of exterior wall outer thermal insulation in nowadays, it is economical , rational, convenient construction and coincident energy saving to use External Thermal Insulating Rendering Systems with Mineral Binder Expanded Polystyrene Granule in hot in summer and cold in winter areas; what’s more, it is the good performance price ratioto use flexible gradual releasing stress in every layer. The basic structure of ETIRS: the lateral sideof wall is constituted by interface mortar, ETIRS, anti-crack protective layer, facing layer. protective effects of crack-resistance mortar is:①avoiding insulation board aging;②avoiding rain erosion in insulation board;③improving impact resistance;④smaller steam permeability resistivity;⑤providing base for external facing. Study on anti-crack mortar is important and signality for building energy.
This paper studies the effect of superfine sand and admixture for ETIRS anti-crack mortar, for increasing mortar total properties, which determines superfine sand parameters and the variety and the optimum mix amount of admixtures.①Sand resources in Chongqing is mainly superfine sand which fineness modulus is less than 1.0. The preparation of anti-crack mortar uses P.O42.5 cement, C/S is 1:2.8.②The study result displays: superfine sand is smaller fineness modulus ,larger mud content and harder; it’s fineness modulus improves shrinkage , the ratio of compression strength and flexural strength (C/F) and so on. Superfine sand’s mud content effect workability. Superfine sand’s fineness modulus suitable range is 0.7-1.0,it’s mud content is 0%-3%. Rubber powder improves flexibility;the test characterses crack resistance by fracture energy, max-deformation, caking property and so on. Rubber powder use three-dimensional Shanxi, the mixing amount is 6kg/m3which is 1.67%of cement. Fibre solves plastic shrinkage; the test characterses C/F, impact resistance;shrinkage; fracture index and so on. Wooden fibre’s mixing amount suitable range is 7 kg/m3 which is 1.94%of cement. The mixing amount of Polypropylene fiber is 1-1.5kg/m3, the optimum mix amount in test is 1.3kg/m3 which is 0.36%of cement and fiber length is 9mm. Cellulose ether improves water retention, bond strength, crack resistance.This paper characterses segregation degree, bleeding rate: anti-crack mortar uses Shandong HPMC, the mixing amount is 1.2 kg/m3 which is 0.33%of cement. According to the test results, mortar to be made is good properties, no crack. The result meets JG158—2004 ETIRS.
Cracking in ETIRS is the serious problem in building quality common faults. If surface mortar crack appears in protective layer,it’s to be decreased that insulation in ETIRS, water resistance, frost resistance and durability;so it must be studied to strengthen crack resistance and measures. Application results show, anti-crack mortar developed with technological innovation,which crack resistance and crack resistance is better than normal mortar. Anti-crack mortar which can use ETIRS greatly promotes technical performance of traditional mortar and satisfies the anti-crack requests of external insulation building wall.
引文
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