摘要
本论文首先通过发酵获得微生物油脂,然后采用氧化法对微生物油脂进行改性,得到改性微生物油脂型润滑基础油,再借助微乳法在改性基础油中合成和分散润滑油添加剂Schiff碱和Schiff碱铜络合物,得到一种新型润滑油。
在制备微生物油脂型润滑基础油的过程中,首先建立了一种快速检测菌体中油脂含量和组成的方法,这种方法是将小量湿菌体经微波预处理后,直接甲酯化,用气相色谱法分析生成的甲酯以检测菌体中油脂的含量和脂肪酸组成。然后应用这种方法和透射电镜分析从六种供试菌中筛选出了一株产油性能较好的菌种,即深黄被孢霉(Mortierella isabellina CGMCC 3.3410)。并研究了其生长和产油性能,对其扩大培养,提取和纯化了其中的油脂。另外,还从油脂厂废水中自筛了一株产油细菌作为备选产油菌,经鉴定为Mycobacterium属,分析了其在不同培养条件下的产油情况。
试验结果表明,所建立的菌体中油脂的快速检测方法的精密度、准确度及可靠性良好。在这种检测方法中,微波预处理能显著提高菌体中油脂提取率,扫描电镜分析结果也直观显示了微波作用的效果;而且微波的强度为600W、2min,甲酯化反应时间为2h较好;湿菌质量在0.1g~1.0g的范围内,并且与提取的油脂量间呈良好的线性关系。
试验结果表明纯化后的微生物油经氧化改性后,能显著降低碘值,因此明显地提高了改性润滑基础油的稳定性。SEM分析表明,以改性微生物油脂作为亲油相、无水乙醇作亲水相、Span80和石油磺酸钠作为乳化剂、异辛醇为助溶剂配制W/O型微乳液,在其中原位合成和分散水杨醛乙二胺型Schiff碱和Schiff碱络合铜(II)络合物作为添加剂,实验结果表明其改性微生物油脂型润滑油的分散性和稳定性良好。俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析了四球试验的顶球磨斑表面,证实由改性润滑油参与作用的顶部钢球磨损表面产生了铜粒子的选择性转移,有利于磨损表面的自修复。
The microbial oil was gotten by fermentation,oxidation reaction was used to modify the oil to change its stability,which can make the oil be a base oil of the lubricant.Then a new type of lubricant was preparated after Schiff base and Schiff base copper complexes were synthesized and dispersed in the base oil with the microemulsion reactor.
A rapid identifying of the oil composition and content in microorganisms was established after microwave pretreating, and gas chromatography (GC) was employed to analysis.Only a small amount of wet cell was treated by microwave and reacted directly with KOH-CH3OH,and the reaction product,which is fatty acid methyl ester,was detected by gas chromatography analysis to ascertain the fat content and fatty acid composition in microorganisms.One kind of oil-producing microorganism called Mortierella isabellina CGMCC 3.3410 which has better performance was selected out of six by this method and TEM analysis.Also the characteristics of growth and oil-producing of the Mortierella isabellina CGMCC 3.3410 was studied,and it was cultivated expandedly,then the microbial oil was extracted and purificated.In addition,one oil-producing bacteria was selected from the waste water of a oil factory as one choice of oil-producing microorganisms.It was identified as Mycobacterium,and the oil composition and content under different conditions of culture was also analyzed.
The results showed that the rapid identifying method had good precision,accuracy and reliability.The microwave pretreating can improve the oil extraction rate significantly by GC,and SEM analysis also showed the effect of the icrowave.The wet cells can be treated best by 600W power microwave for 2 minutes and sterified with KOH-CH3OH for 2 hours.Besides,a good linear relationship between the content of the oil and the weight of cells can be found while the weight of the wet cells is from 0.1g to 1.0g.
The test showed that the iodine value of the microbial oil was reduced significantly and the stability of the lubricant base oil was improved markedly by modification of oxidation.
It was confirmed by SEM analyses that,salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base and Cu (II) chelate of bissalicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine as the additive synthesized in the base oil,was dispersed stably by W/O microemulsion reactor including base oil,ethanol and emulsifier.
The worn surface of top steel ball after four ball test was analyzed by AES,and it was showed that steel/steel rubbing pairs went through selective transferring processes with such lubricant . It was suggested that the mechanism of the improvement of tribological characteristics of this kind of lubricant was selective transferring effect to wear the surface of self-repair.
引文
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