摘要
采购管理,作为连接供应链的基础环节,已经成为企业的一个战略管理职能。现代采购管理的理念发生了深刻的变化,已不仅仅局限于材料成本的降低,企业模式向虚拟化、动态联盟和协作的方向发展,通过优化采购流程、加强对供应商的管理、与供应商建立合作伙伴关系、综合运用多种采购技术和先进管理方法提高采购质量,降低采购总成本,已成为增加企业利润的有效途径。
ZY公司的化工原料采购成本占产品制造成本的60%以上,采购管理的好坏,已成为其降低成本,提升效益的关键因素。本文首先介绍了研究的对象和研究意义。通过对ZY公司采购管理目标、采购组织、采购流程和供应商管理的现状进行分析,找出其中存在的问题。本文运用采购项目定位模型把ZY公司的所有采购物资分为瓶颈型采购项目、关键型采购项目、杠杆型采购项目和常规型采购项目四类,提出了支撑成本领先战略的采购管理目标与组织结构,及基于物资分类的采购流程改进建议,以达到提高企业运营效率,实现企业持续竞争力的目标。同时,供应链的建立过程实际上是一个供应商的选择、评估的过程。论文探讨如何选择适当的合作伙伴,如何从交货时间、供货质量、服务和产品价格四个方面考核合作伙伴。
Purchasing management, as a fundamental link of the supply chain, has become a crucial enterprise management strategy. A series of changes have taken place deeply in the concept of modern purchasing that reducing cost is not only limited to materials, but also orientated to virtualization, dynamic union and cooperation. The effective approach for the corporation enhancing profit is to optimize purchasing process, strengthen supplier management, and establish cooperation fellowship with suppliers.
Purchase cost of chemical raw materials in ZY corporation accounts for more than 60 percent of the total cost. Purchasing management has become a key factor of its cost and efficiency. This thesis firstly introduces the research objectives and significance. By analyzing the original purchase goal, organization, process and suppliers management, the paper finds out problems. Furthermore, all things purchased are classified for four classes, it presents a new approach to support the objectives. It also makes recommendations for the purchase process, which demonstrates a significant improvement by means of classification of goods. The proposals increase the efficiency of business operations and achieve sustained competition advantages. Besides, the establishment of the supply chain process is the choice process of supplier. The paper discusses that how to choose the appropriate partners, how to evaluate vendors by delivery, quality, price and cooperative attitude.
引文
[1] A Gunasekaran, EWT Ngai. Information systems in supply chain integration and management[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 159(2):269~295
[2] AS Carr, LR Smeltzer. The relationship of strategic purchasing to supply chain management [J]. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 1999, 5(1):43~51
[3] Bruce G. Ferrin, Richard E. Plank. Total Cost of Ownership Models: An Exploratory Study [J]. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2002, 38(3):18~29
[4] Conan C. Albrecht, Douglas L. Dean, James V. Hansen. Marketplace and technology standards for B2B e-commerce: progress, change, and the state of the art[J]. Journal of Information management, 2005, 42(6):865~875
[5] EK Lee, S Ha, SK Kim. Supplier selection and management system considering relationshipsin supply chain management[J]. Journal of Engineering Management, 2001,48(3):307~318
[6] Felix T.S. Chan, Niraj Kumar. Global supplier development considering risk factors using fuzzy-extended AHP-based approach[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2005, 35(4):417~431
[7] Finn Wynstra, Eric ten Pierick. Managing supplier involvement in new product development: a portfolio approach[J]. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 2000, 6(1):49~57
[8] FHF Liu, HL Hai. The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2005, 97(3):308-317
[9] F Roodhooft, J Konings. Vendor selection and evaluation an Activity Based Costing approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 96(1):97~102
[10] Hoger Schiele. How to distinguish innovative suppliers? Identifying innovative suppliers as new task for purchasing[J]. Journal of Industrial Marketing Management, 2006, 35(8):925~935
[11] H Shin, DA Collier, DD Wilson. Supply management orientation and supplier/buyerperformance[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2000, 18(3):317~333
[12] Keith Goffin, Fred Lemke, Marek Szwejczewski. An exploratory study of‘close’supplier-manufacture relationship[J]. Journal of Operation Management, 2006, 24(2):189~209
[13] KL Choy, WB Lee, V Lo. An intelligent supplier management tool for benchmarking suppliers in outsource manufacturing[J]. Journal of Expert Systems With Application, 2002, 22(3):213~224
[14] LI Wen-wu, W Li-ya. The Evaluation and Selection of Outsourcing Suppliers in Mass Customization[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 2005, 10(4):417~423
[15] Peter W. Turnbull. A Review of Portfolio Planning Models for Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Management[J]. European Journal of Marketing, 1990, 24(3):7~22
[16] RE Spekman, J Kamauff, J Spear. Towards more effective sourcing and supplier management[J]. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 1999, 5(3):103~116
[17] S Curkovic, R Handfield. Use of ISO 9000 and Baldrige Award Criteria in Supplier Quality Evaluation[J]. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 1996, 32(2):2~11
[18] Stevens G C. Successful Supply Chain Management[J]. Management Decision, 2001, 28(8):40~48
[19] Simon R. Croom. A Managerial Guideline for the Development and Implementation of Purchasing Partnerships[J]. The Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2000, 31(2):9~16
[20] Simon R. Croom. The Impact of Web-Based Procurement on the Management of Operating Resources Supply[J]. The Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2000, 36(1):4~13
[21] Z Degraeve, E Labro, F Roodhooft. An evaluation of vendor selection models from a total cost of ownership perspective[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 125(1):34~58
[22] Z Degraeve, F Roodhooft. Effectively Selecting Suppliers Using Total Cost of Ownership[J]. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 1999,35(1):5~10
[23]霍红,华蕊.采购与供应链管理.北京:中国物资出版社, 2005
[24]米歇尔.R.利恩德斯,哈罗德.E.费伦.采购与供应管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[25]周艳军.供应链管理.上海:上海财经大学出版社, 2004
[26]马士华,林勇.供应链管理.北京:高等教育大学出版社, 2003
[27]罗伯特.B.罕菲尔德,小埃尔尼斯特.L.尼斯特.供应链管理导论.北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2003
[28]刘丽文.供应链管理思想及其理论和方法的发展过程[J].管理科学学报, 2003,(02):81～89
[29]沈厚才,陶青,陈曦波.供应链管理理论与方法[J].中国管理科学, 2001,(01):33～38
[30]詹姆士.R.斯托克,道格拉斯.M.兰伯特,战略物流管理.北京:中国财政经济出版社, 2005
[31]陈祥国,季建华.企业选择和实施供应链管理的战略决策过程分析[J].科研管理, 2003,(03):68～75
[32]徐时建,胡丹婷.我国制造企业的采购与供应管理策略分析[J].浙江工程学院学报, 2004,(01):48～53
[33]许建忠.有限供应来源背景下的采购管理[J].中国市场, 2007,(45):114～116
[34]唐蓉.供应链管理环境下的采购成本控制[J].现代物流, 2008,(03):11～14
[35]邓键儿,杨梅.供应链环境下企业采购模式的优化研究[J].铁路采购与物流, 2006,(01):36～37
[36]张惠娟.论企业管理中的采购管理工作[J].中国市场,2007,(32):114～116
[37]李艳成.采购管理的新趋势[J].中国物流与采购, 2003,(11):40～41
[38]迈克尔.波特.竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社, 1997
[39]廖成林,刘学明,李忆,仇明金.供应链管理实施与组织绩效的关系实证分析[J].工业工程与管理, 2008,(01):89～94
[40]潘国友,陈荣秋.企业流程再造结果的评价[J].科技进步与对策, 2003, (10):126～127
[41]蔡丽丽,郑建国,刘力辉.基于供应链的制造业ERP采购管理系统研究[J].计算机技术与发展, 2006,(11):164～168
[42]高蕙涵,郭力立.基于ERP的化工企业物资管理系统[J].中国市场, 2007,(45):26～28
[43]李静芳,崔南方.循序渐进的供应商关系管理模式[J].工业工程与管理, 2003,(05):53～56
[44]温德成,吕杰.供应商质量供应能力指数的分析与评价[J].工业工程与管理, 2005,(05):48～52
[45]张学志,陈功玉. AHP与Delphi法相结合确定供应商评价指标权重[J].物流技术, 2005,(09):71～74
[46]周华平.浅析供应商差异管理[J].江苏冶金, 2007,(04):73～75
[47]德成,吕杰.供应商与企业的质量匹配能力研究[J].企业管理, 2008,(04):181～184
[48]林勇,马士华.供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究[J].管理现代化, 2000,(05):30～33
[49]钟明明,吴庆年.基于所有权总成本的供应商选择[J].包装工程, 2005(06):121～124
[50]赵小惠,孙林岩.供应商选择模糊决策方法[J].工业工程, 2002,(05):12～16
[51]傅和彦.供应厂商管理.厦门:厦门大学出版社, 2004 ?