摘要
本实验利用GPS定位对吉林省龙井原位保护区野生大豆进行单株采种,取样点覆盖整个龙井原位保护区,种群(90)共90份材料(取样距离设计为50m)。把整个龙井原位保护区的野生大豆按天然地理分布人为分成小种群A、小种群B、小种群C三个小种群；同时,在小种群B中选取一个小种群(32),共32份材料(取样距离设计为18m),做了不同采样方式的比较。
利用25对多态性较好的SSR引物对龙井原位保护区的种群(90)、小种群A、小种群B、小种群C以及小种群(32)的野生大豆进行遗传多样性及遗传关系分析。分析结果如下：
1.利用25对SSR引物对龙井原位保护区种群(90)进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到138个等位变异,平均5.52个。Simpson指数分布在0.3072～0.8393之间,平均值为0.6788:Shannon-weaver指数在0.5856～1.9348之间,平均值为1.3663。表明龙井原位保护区的野生大豆具有很高的遗传多样性。
2.三个小种群的遗传多样性指数趋势一样：小种群C>小种群B>小种群A,并且小种群A和小种群C遗传多样性指数数值相差很多,说明小种群间的遗传多样性存在很大差异。
小种群B为50m采样,小种群(32),为18m采样；从地理位置上看,小种群(320在小种群B的地理范围内,说明取样方式的不同直接影响遗传多样性的高低。小种群(32)和小种群B的遗传多样性指数差距很大,进一步说明龙井原位保护区野生大豆小种群内的遗传差异很大。
3.龙井原位保护区野生大豆群体间的分化指数Fst=0.1419,检测发现基因流Nm=1.5112,说明龙井原位保护区野生大豆14.19%的遗传变异存在于小种群间,基因流频率较高。
4.龙井原位保护区的野生大豆遗传相似系数为0.56-0.99,平均遗传相似系数为0.66。从聚类结果看出：龙井原位保护区的野生大豆呈斑块分布,并且小种群间的遗传相似系数与地理距离有一定的相关性。
In this experiment we studied the genetic diversity and relationship in wild soybean. A total of 90 wild soybean samples were collected from in-situ conserved region in Longjing county of Jilin Province by GPS positioning (collection interval is 50m), which covers the whole in-situ conserved region. According to the geographical locations, we divide all the wild soybean into three sub-populations A, B and C respectively. Furthermore, we collected 32 wild soybean samples in sub-population B for collection strategy study (collection interval is 18 m).
In order to discover the genetic diversity among wild soybean and genetic relationship, the 90 samples (population(90))), sub-population A, sub-population B, sub-population C, and the 32 samples (from sub-population(32)) were analyzed by using 25 pairs of SSR markers with good reproducibility and polymorphism.The results showed that:
1. By using the 25 pairs of SSR markers, we detect 138 allelic variants, on the average of 5.52. Simpson index distribution from 0.3072 to 0.8393, with an average of 0.6788. Shannon-weaver index distribution from 0.5856 to 1.9348, with a mean of 1.3663. These results show that wild soybean population(90)presents a highly genetic divergence in Longjing in-situ conserved region of Jilin Province.
2. We can learn that genetic diversity of the three sub-populations have the same trend: C>B>A, and there are a great deal of differences between sub-population A and sub-population C. It suggested that genetic diversities of each sub-population is different.
Wild soybean samples of sub-population B were collected in the interval of 50 m,and wild soybean samples of sub-population(32) were collected by 18 m and the genetic diversity index between them was large margin. Geographically, it means sampling methods had reflected the results, and the genetic diversity of each sub-population was distinct in the Longjing in-situ conserved region.
3. The index of subdivision (Fst) among the sub-populations is 0.1419 and the gene flow (Nm) is 1.5112. These indicated that the sub-populations had about 14.19% of genetic variations. It means higher frequency of gene flow among the sub-populations, relatively.
4.The coefficient of genetic similarity is between 0.56 and 0.99, with an average of 0.66. Clustering analysis shows that the distribution of the wild soybeans in Longjing is spotted, and the coefficient of genetic similarity among sub-populations has relativity between geographical distance.
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