摘要
日益频繁的国际交流、博大精深的中国文化,很大程度上刺激了中国旅游业的发展。旅游业的经济地位不断上升。境外游客游览中国名胜主要是为了更好地了解和欣赏独特的中国文化,如历史文化、宗教文化、民俗文化等。境外游客了解中国文化的主要途径是旅游文本。而今英语已成为世界语言。所以,旅游文本的英译质量不容忽视。高质量的旅游文本英译本更能引发境外游客游览中国的兴趣,为彼此更好地交流提供条件,使得境外游客领略悠久的中国文化。
旅游的本质特征之一是文化,在英译旅游文本过程中,文化信息的翻译对翻译的整体质量起着重要作用。另外,由于语境对语言的理解起着重要作用。在不同文化背景下,语境的作用更是不容忽视的,尤其是文化语境。在旅游文本文化信息的翻译中,就要求译者对文化语境处理有较强的驾驭能力。Jualine House提出了一种语境再构概念,即在翻译时,使文本脱离原有的语境集合并放入一组新的语境集合和文化期望中的过程。House指出再语境化理论下产生两种翻译策略:显性翻译策略和隐性翻译策略。为提高旅游文本英译质量,本文基于Jualine House提出的再语境化理论来研究旅游文本文化信息英译策略,以期使译文满足文化传真和语用意义对等的要求。
通过对比分析所收集旅游文本的原语和译语文化语境和所传递的语用意义,作者发现有些译文传递的文化信息不足,有时会出现难懂信息,甚至会传递误导信息。出现这些的问题的原因主要有:对原文的不忠实和编码的过程中未能合理考虑目的语读者文化语境再构。
最后本文认为Jualine House再语境化理论应用于旅游文本文化信息英译时,再语境化过程涉及到读者与作者之间的交流,而这一交流是隐藏在译者头脑中,即对原文文化语境的准确和全面理解,以及脱离原语境而构建新语境。译者按照原文所提供的文化信息和写作时代还原原文真实的文化语境,为译者在编码过程中再构达到原文信息和呼唤功能的新语境做好准备。在文化传真和语用意义对等的原则下,为取得旅游文本的信息功能和呼唤功能,译者应采取以显性翻译为主导的翻译策略来再构语境,即:显性策略处于主导地位,隐性翻译策略对显性翻译策略进行补充。具体而言,在对原文文化语境全面理解的基础上,采用直译加解释信息、音译加解释信息、音译直译结合、意译和概括的方法再构新语境。
The frequent international exchanges and fascinating Chinese culture promote the development of tourism industry. The position of tourism in the economy has been rising. The main purpose of foreign tourists visiting China is to experience and appreciate unique Chinese culture, such as historical culture, religious culture and customs, etc. Tourism text is the fundamental tool for target readers to learn Chinese culture. Nowadays, English is widely used and accepted worldwide. Therefore, the translation quality of tourism text is highlighted. Effective English translation of tourism text can arouse potential visitors’interest in visiting China, maintain effective communication between Chinese and foreign tourists, and help foreign tourists to better understand Chinese culture.
One of the essential features of tourism text is its unique cultural features. The translation of cultural information plays basic and critical role in the translation quality of the whole tourism text. Moreover, context determines the ways to understand meaning, especially under different cultural backgrounds. Hence, the ability to deal with context properly is needed in the translation of cultural information of tourism text. Jualine House’s theory of recontextualization is a concept of constructing context in translation. House (2006) defines recontextualization as“taking out of original set of context and put it in a new set of relationships and culturally-conditioned expectations”(p356). She also indicates two translation strategies guided by recontextualization: overt translation strategy and covert translation strategy. Aiming to improve the translation quality of tourism text, this thesis explores effective strategy for C-E translation of cultural information of tourism text based on the theory of recontextalization, so that culture facsimile and equivalent pragmatic meaning will be met.
By comparative analysis on the source cultural context and target cultural context, and the conveyed pragmatic meaning of the collected samples, the author finds out that some target texts conveys inadequate, obscure and misleading information. The main reasons that caused those problems are: unfaithfulness to source texts and improper reconstructing of cultural context from the perspective of target readers in the encoding process.
Finally, this thesis maintains that applying recontextualization proposed by Jualine House to the C-E translation of cultural information of tourism text involves hidden interactions between writer and reader in the mind of translator. The process of recontextualization consists of the following parts: the full understanding of cultural context of source texts, and taking out the original cultural context to construct a set of new contexts. The translator should understand the cultural context of source texts in the process of decoding, according to the cultural information and its writing time. Full and accurate comprehension of source text makes preparation for recontextualization in encoding to obtain informative and vocative functions of source text. This thesis proposes overt-oriented translation strategy for C-E translation of cultural information of tourism text. Under the principles of culture facsimile and pragmatic meaning equivalence, the overt translation plays dominant role which is supplemented by covert translation to obtain informative and vocative functions in C-E translation of cultural information of tourism text. Specifically speaking, based on the overall comprehension of source cultural context, translation methods as literal translation with explanatory information, transliteration with explanatory information, combination of literal translation and transliteration, free translation, and generalization should be adopted to reconstruct new contexts.
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