摘要
电控机械式自动变速器(Automated Mechanical Transmission,简称AMT),是在原有齿轮式机械变速器的基础上加装电子控制系统,对包括发动机、离合器、变速器在内的动力总成装置采用了电动或液动控制机构,完成汽车起步、选挡、换挡的自动化控制,从而实现汽车的自动变速功能。AMT不但具有液力自动变速器操纵方便的优点,而且保留了原手动变速器齿轮传动效率高、成本低、结构简单、生产继承性好的长处,成为我国变速器发展的一个主流方向。
本文结合企业实际工程项目,以某国产乘用车为研究对象,对机械式自动变速器进行了相关研究与分析,重点完成了装用机械式自动变速器乘用车的道路试验研究。首先通过对机械式自动变速器发展历程的回顾,理解机械式自动变速器工作原理和控制思想,对其基本结构与组成进行相关分析;然后对汽车传动系的功用和组成进行了相关研究,重点对发动机、离合器、变速器等动力总成装置的特性进行动力学和运动学分析;接着对其换挡规律和换挡特性进行讨论,制定了普通工作模式和经济工作模式的换挡规律;最后对装用机械式自动变速器的某型乘用车进行了整车标定,并完成了夏季/高原道路试验和冬季道路试验的研究工作。
本文的研究成果对于开发乘用车AMT产品具有重要价值和现实意义。
Automated Mechanical Transmission (AMT) is a kind of transmission which is installed electronic control system based on the original mechanical gear transmission. Through adapting electronic or hydraulic control device to engine, clutch, transmission, the power train, the automatic transmission function can be achieved such as vehicle start, shift choosing and election, etc. AMT has not only Automatic Transmission manipulation of the advantages of convenience, but also retains the original manual transmission gear drive efficient and low cost, simple structure, the production of the strengths of a good inheritance, and has become a mainstream of the development of transmission direction.
In this paper, combined with actual projects to a China-made passenger cars for the study, the AMT was related to research and analysis, focusing on the completion of the mechanical equipment with automatic transmission car on the road Experimental Research.
First of all, through the AMT course of development review and understand the mechanical automatic transmission and control of the working principle of thought, its basic structure and composition analysis; automotive power train and then on the function and composition of the research focus On the engine, clutch, transmission devices, such as powertrain characteristics of dynamics and kinematics analysis; then shift schedule and shift their properties, to develop a common mode of economy and work patterns shift schedule; for the final Fitted with mechanical automatic transmission of a certain type of passenger vehicles carried out demarcation and completed in the summer / winter and the plateau of vehicle road test.
The main thesis completion of the study include:
(1) Review of AMT development history
The AMT Recalling the development of technology, understanding of the AMT and a half from the phase of automation, intelligent automation to the stage into the stage of development, summed up the AMT several key technical issues: coordination of clutch and engine control, the embodiment of the intention of the driver, shift Law of electronic control systems and implementing agencies, in conjunction with the actual business needs of the project to determine the present research papers from the AMT and the composition of the working principle of understanding to start by automotive power train features analysis of the shift schedule and shift characteristics A more comprehensive theory, the clear driving force of the economy and shift quality objectives, the development of the automatic transmission shift work patterns and rules in order to carry out the clutch, transmission, and so become the main content of the total demarcation of the vehicle and equipment used to complete AMT typical passenger vehicle road test conditions.
(2) Understanding of AMT construction and working principle
The AMT principle of the preliminary analysis, to understand the basic idea is to control the vehicle in accordance with the operation, the intention of the driver and road surface conditions of such factors as pre-determined by the simulation skilled driver driving laws through The executive body of the vehicle drive system to coordinate control actions automatically.
Electronically controlled automatic transmission is mechanical in the traditional fixed-axis transmission and dry clutch on the basis of the application of electronic technology and automatic transmission theory, the electronic control system at the core, through the implementation of the control of the clutch engagement and separation, the election shift operation And the engine throttle adjustments to achieve the initial vehicles, automatic shift control.
AMT system was controlled by the system, electronic controllers, sensors and agencies such as the implementation of four major components. One was control systems, including engine, clutch and transmission devices such as power train; electronic controller, including a variety of signal processing units, electronic control systems unit, procedures and data storage unit, drive circuit units, display units, such as power supply units; including sensors Speed sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, displacement sensors, sensor gear, such as acceleration sensor; shifting election, including the implementation of the implementing agencies, regulating the implementation of the engine throttle bodies, brushless DC motors, relays, and so on.
At the same time, the AMT classification, structure and characteristics of the development trends are described and analyzed.
(3) Analysis of the characteristics of automotive power train
Automotive power train including electrical, mechanical, chemical thermodynamics and the installation of an integrated non-linear dynamic system, whose main objective is transport vehicles to provide the power source. The AMT fitted with the power train, the driver of a reduction in the clutch and shift under the intervention, and there is no automatic transmission, hydraulic torque converter used, can improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. However, with a potential difficulty, that is an integral part of the good co-ordination to match the dynamic control problem. Through research and analysis of the engine, clutch and transmission characteristics of the work, understand the automotive power train loads of features; car and in the process of shifting forces to conduct kinematic analysis. To determine the mode of operation and development of the corresponding shift schedule laid the theoretical foundation.
(4) Establishment of Shift law
The shift schedule and shift characteristics of a more comprehensive theory, combined with the trend of technological development, market demand, the characteristics of models such as a combination of factors, to determine the vehicle loaded with the AMT, contains two types of automatic transmission mode: That is, ordinary mode of work and economic model. According to the engine, clutch and the vehicle parameters, based on the development of throttle opening and engine speed common mode of transmission parameters of the Second Law of the economy and the mode of operation parameters of the second shift schedule for the AMT application to use to lay the foundation.
(5) Vehicle road test
Will be the above-mentioned shift work patterns and a corresponding shift of the AMT, a certain type of equipment used in passenger cars, to determine the demarcation of the driving force of the economy and shift quality targets, in order to carry out the clutch and gearbox for the demarcation of the main elements of the Demarcation of the vehicle, including the demarcation of the clutch control, transmission bench calibration, calibration start, the shift calibration, temperature calibration test, as well as the clutch transmission torque characteristic curve, automatic shift schedule, such as the definition of curves.
Carried out a high temperature / low temperature and high-altitude test pilot, high temperature / high-altitude tests, including the election speed gearbox oil temperature calculation model verification, to confirm the initial curve, shifting performance testing and optimization of the initial shift points, including the low-temperature test transmission election Oil-speed computing model validation, the initial low-temperature curve confirmed that the low temperature shift performance testing, inspection and ice off the ice emergency brake inspection.
The test results showed that:
(1) The measured temperature and system model to estimate the temperature trend, as well as close to the line in high temperature / high-altitude, low-temperature conditions, oil temperature model of good work;
(2) High temperature / high-altitude, low-temperature conditions, whether in normal or start off the ramp, the clutch doiu a smooth start;
(3) of the ice started to normal after the engine brake normal work, no flame phenomena;
(4) After the demarcation of the road test to optimize engine torque response and post-shift smoothly and have a greater degree of improvement.
In this paper, the results of research was of great significance for the development of AMT product of passenger car.
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