摘要
极端环境微生物是生命的奇迹,它们蕴涵着生命进化历程的丰富信息,代表着生命对于环境的极限适应能力,是生物遗传和功能多样性最为丰富的宝藏,其中嗜盐放线菌是极端环境微生物的一员。
本文综述了盐湖的定义、分布,放线菌和人类的密切关系,及盐湖环境放线菌研究进展、现状和意义。以新疆哈密地区盐湖的土样作为实验材料,通过尝试分离不同培养基及分离条件,使用含有5%、10% NaCl的8种分离培养基,利用稀释平板涂布法对盐湖土壤样品进行分离,得到了大量嗜盐放线菌。经过去重复,挑取17株菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序,测序结果表明:
哈密地区盐湖的放线菌分布于放线菌目的6科8个属,主要的类群是链霉菌属(Streptomyces),其次是拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis),还获得了一些稀有放线菌,如糖丝菌属(Saccharothrix)、姜氏菌属(Jiangella)、链单孢菌属(Streptomonospora),放线菌多样性比较丰富。为了近一步了解盐湖放线菌对盐环境的适应机理,进行了Na+、K+、Mg2+三种阳离子的耐受实验;为探究哈密地区盐湖环境放线菌的功能,进行了产酶活性和抑菌实验。结果表明,实验中47株放线菌能耐受一定的NaCl浓度,属于中等嗜盐菌,其余16株放线菌属于弱耐盐菌,K+、Mg2+的耐受说明了哈密地区盐湖的放线菌对三种阳离子具有不同的选择性;放线菌功能酶筛选结果表明: 3株产蛋白酶、46株产淀粉酶、14株产酯酶、34株产半乳糖苷酶、5株产纤维素酶,有13株放线菌同时产三种酶,有25株放线菌同时产两种酶,说明具有多重生物酶活性的哈密地区盐湖放线菌有较大的潜在应用价值;抑菌实验结果表明:有7株菌能抑制大肠杆菌生长、23株菌能抑制费氏志贺氏菌生长、1株菌能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长、5株菌能抑制枯草芽孢杆菌生长、6株菌能抑制藤黄微球菌生长;能同时抑制两种或两种以上病原指示菌生长的放线菌有8株,没有筛选到抑制肠炎沙门氏菌和绿脓杆菌的放线菌,说明哈密盐湖地区的盐湖土壤中存在大量的能够筛选抗生素的微生物资源。运用多相分类,对筛选出的两株产丝菌属和姜氏菌属的菌株XJ 11063、XJ 11102进行了研究,确定出XJ 11063和XJ 11102代表了产丝菌属和姜氏菌属的两个新种,建议分别命名为Myceligenerans xinjiangensis sp.nov.和Jiangella xinjiangensis sp.nov.
Extremophilies are miracle of the life which contain abundant information about the evolution of beings. They also represent the extreme adaptability of beings to the environments, and they are precious resources of the diversity of the genetical diversity and biological functions. Halophilic actinomycetes are one kind of extremophiles.
Throughout the review, I discussed the saline of definition distribute and relationship between actinomycetes and human being; introduced the research evolvement and significance of the actinomycetes in hypersaline environment; This study based on saline soil samples collected from Xingjiang province of China. During this work, were isolated with eight isolation media containing 5% and 10% NaCl (w/v) with dilution-plate method, many halophilic actinomycetes were obtained by different isolation media.Wipe off repetion, Choose 17strains to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that actinomycetes purpose 6 section 8 actinomycetes genus, mainly Streptomyces are a group,followed by Nocardiopsis are proposed, also received a number of rare actinomycetes, such as Saccharothrix, Jiangella, Streptomonospora, actinomycetes rich diversity . In order to further understand the mechanism that the salt Lake Actinomycetes to adapt to salt environment, three cations of Na+, K+, Mg2+ tolerant experiments; explore the function of actinomycetes in the Hami Salt Lake, study antibacterial experiments and the diversity of enzyme experiments.The results showed that one of 47 actinomycetes can tolerate a certain NaCl concentration, belong to the middle halophilic bacteria,and the remaining 16strains belong to the weak salt actinomycetes, The tolerance of K+、Mg2+is described the salt lake Hami of actinomycetes have differert selective for the three cation.The screening functional enzymes results indicated that 3 strains produced proteinase, 46 strains produced amylase, 14 strains produced esterase, 34 strains produced galactosidase, and 5 strains produced cellulase,13 strains produced three enzymes,25 strains produced two enzymes.These actinomycetes with multiple enzymic potential are with great application value.The tolerance of K+、Mg2+.
The antibacterial activity experimental results showed that 7 strains had antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli , 23 strains had antibacterial activity to Bacillus subtilis , 1 strain had antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus, 5 strains had antibacterial activity to Bacillus subtilis, 6 strains had antibacterial activity to Micrococcus luteus .There ware 8 strains had antibacterial activity to two or more pathogens. There are no filter strains to inhabit Salmonella enteristidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,showed that there are great microbial resources to select antibiotics.Two isolates, XJ 11063 and XJ 11102 were chosen and investigated using polyphasic taxonomy approach.Determine out XJ 11063 and XJ 11102 may represent two potential novel species of the genus Myceligenerans and Jiangenlla. They were proposed as Myceligenerans xinjiangensis sp.nov.Jiangella xinjiangensis sp.nov.
引文
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